Detection of Urinary Metabolomics before and after Pringle Maneuver-Induced Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Table 2

Comparisons of meaningful urinary metabolites detected by GC-MS by group.

	Sham (𝑛=20)	Day 1 (𝑛=20)	Day 3 (𝑛=20)	Day 5 (𝑛=20)	𝑃 value^2
Lactic acid (mg/dL)	0.80 (0.76, 0.86)	2.91 (2.55, 3.14)^†	1.60 (0.97, 1.94)^†, ‡	0.71 (0.22, 0.92)‡,¶	<0.001*
Pyruvic acid (mg/dL)^1	0.13 (0, 0.26)	0.14 (0.14, 0.14)^†	1.67 (1.67, 1.71)^†, ‡	0 (0, 0)‡,¶	<0.001*
Alanine (mg/dL)	0.48 (0.45, 0.49)	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)^†	0.15 (0.09, 0.25)^†, ‡	0.43 (0.37, 0.52)‡,¶	<0.001*
Serine (mg/dL)	0.20 (0.19, 0.24)	0.09 (0.05, 0.11)^†	0.15 (0.09, 0.21)^‡	0.22 (0.15, 0.28)^‡	<0.001*
Threonine (mg/dL)	0.11 (0.04, 0.15)	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)	0.11 (0.04, 0.13)	0.1 (0.04, 0.14)	0.311
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (mg/dL)	0.02 (0, 0.06)	0.12 (0.08, 0.16)^†	0.06 (0.05, 0.08)^†, ‡	0.03 (0.01, 0.06)‡,¶	<0.001*
Oleic acid^1 (mg/dL)	3.00 (0.30, 7.25)	2.32 (0.70, 4.70)	4.63 (1.05, 6.65)	4.2 (1.1, 7.58)	0.507

1Original value was too small to be meaningful in hundredth. Values reported in table were magnified through multiplying by 10⁶ for pyruvic acid and by 10³ by oleic acid.
2Data were presented as median (interquartile range) and tested by Kruskal-Wallis test; Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test was used for post hoc tests.
∗indicates significant difference among groups, 𝑃<0.05.
†indicates significant difference from sham group, 𝑃<0.01.
‡indicates significant difference from day 1 group, 𝑃<0.01.
¶indicates significant difference from day 3 group, 𝑃<0.01.