Association between −308 G/A TNF-α Polymorphism and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index as a Marker of Sarcopenia in Normal Weight Obese Syndrome

Table 5

Biochemical parameters in study groups in accordance with the genotype of the G/A polymorphism at positions −308 of the TNF-α gene promoter.

Parameters	NW 𝑛. 17			NWO 𝑛. 30			Preobese 𝑛. 48
	All; (𝑛. 17)	Carrier (−); (𝑛. 13)	Carrier (+); (𝑛. 4)	All; (𝑛. 30)	Carrier (−); (𝑛. 22)	Carrier (+); (𝑛. 8)	All; (𝑛. 48)	Carrier (−); (𝑛. 35)	Carrier (+); (𝑛. 13)
FG (mg/dL)	91,92 ± 4,44	92,22 ± 3,87	91,25 ± 6,18	90,42 ± 6,75	90,69 ± 7,12	89,83 ± 6,46	90,76 ± 8,32	91,34 ± 8,34	89,14 ± 8,97
FI (𝜇U/mL)	6,47 ± 4,61	6,60 ± 4,98	6,13 ± 4,42	6,35 ± 3,50	5,58 ± 2,61	7,88 ± 4,81	9,71 ± 4,57^nc	9,83 ± 4,72^ef	9,24 ± 4,38
HOMA-IR	2,70 ± 2,02	2,75 ± 2,19	2,58 ± 1,91	2,62 ± 1,54	2,32 ± 1,15	3,22 ± 2,15	4,03 ± 1,96^nc	4,14 ± 2,11^er	3,58 ± 1,33
TC (mg/dL)	182,92 ± 38,62	183,33 ± 45,76	182,00 ± 19,51	191,50 ± 30,57	196,29 ± 29,04	180,33 ± 33,82	210,74 ± 42,06^n	213,85 ± 43,49^e	208,00 ± 32,85
HDL (mg/dL)	70,92 ± 11,64	72,44 ± 11,66	67,50 ± 12,50	69,70 ± 15,60	68,21 ± 15,76	73,17 ± 16,08	60,62 ± 15,11^b	61,15 ± 15,99^e	58,57 ± 11,86
LDL (mg/dL)	97,58 ± 34,53	96,22 ± 38,34	101,67 ± 25,40	104,11 ± 26,73	109,38 ± 26,22	92,67 ± 26,33	129,21 ± 34,64^no	128,36 ± 36,04^e	132,33 ± 31,78
TG (mg/dL)	74,77 ± 27,03	72,78 ± 24,16	79,25 ± 36,43	90,00 ± 34,53	94,00 ± 39,78	80,67 ± 16,33	101,97 ± 41,83^n	105,00 ± 41,64^e	97,00 ± 44,29
TC/HDL ratio	2,60 ± 0,48	2,54 ± 0,48	2,76 ± 0,52	2,84 ± 0,64	3,00 ± 0,69	2,49 ± 0,31	3,63 ± 0,81^bc	3,63 ± 0,83^r	3,64 ± 0,77^u
TC/LDL ratio	1,36 ± 0,47	1,33 ± 0,48	1,44 ± 0,51	1,47 ± 0,68	1,55 ± 0,78	1,28 ± 0,35	2,07 ± 0,80^bco	2,02 ± 0,81^er	2,27 ± 0,80^u
LDL/HDL	1,98 ± 0,33	2,01 ± 0,36	1,88 ± 0,28	1,90 ± 0,28	1,86 ± 0,26	2,01 ± 0,30	1,75 ± 0,44^b	1,77 ± 0,48	1,66 ± 0,26^u
Log TG/HDL ratio	1,09 ± 0,51	1,02 ± 0,34	1,26 ± 0,83	1,34 ± 0,57	1,43 ± 0,64	1,14 ± 0,34	1,80 ± 0,88^bo	1,85 ± 0,95^e	1,63 ± 0,56
hs-CRP (𝜇g/dL)	0,10 ± 0,17	0,12 ± 0,20	0,04 ± 0,06	0,40 ± 0,85	0,57 ± 1,01	0,06 ± 0,09	0,94 ± 2,11^bo	1,06 ± 2,32^e	0,44 ± 0,78
TNF-α (pg/mL)	27,51 ± 19,77	30,50 ± 22,25	18,53 ± 2,78	23,55 ± 11,47	23,01 ± 10,64	24,90 ± 14,37	23,11 ± 15,21	25,55 ± 15,58	10,91 ± 1,29^x

Carrier (−): G/G −308 TNF-α genotype; carrier (+): G/A −308 TNF-α genotype; FG: fasting glucose; FI: fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-chol: HDL cholesterol; LDL-chol: LDL cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
^a𝑃<0.001 NW all versus NWO all; ^b𝑃<0.001 NW all versus Preob-Ob all; ^c𝑃<0.001 NWO all versus Preob-Ob all; ^d𝑃<0.001 NW carrier (−) versus NWO carrier (−); ^e𝑃<0.001 NW carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (−); ^f𝑃<0.001 NWO carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (−); ^g𝑃<0.001 NW carrier (+) versus NWO carrier (+); ^h𝑃<0.001 NW carrier (+) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+); ⁱ𝑃<0.001 NWO carrier (+) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+); ^j𝑃<0.001 NW carrier (−) versus NW carrier (+); ^k𝑃<0.001 NWO carrier (−) versus NWO carrier (+); ^l𝑃<0.001 Preob-Ob carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+); ^m𝑃<0.05 NW all versus NWO all; ⁿ𝑃<0.05 NW all versus Preob-Ob all; ^o𝑃<0.05 NWO all versus Preob-Ob all; ^p𝑃<0.05 NW carrier (−) versus NWO carrier (−); ^q𝑃<0.05 NW carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (−); ^r𝑃<0.05 NWO carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (−); ^s𝑃<0.05 NW carrier (+) versus NWO carrier (+); ^t𝑃<0.05 NW carrier (+) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+); ^u𝑃<0.05 NWO carrier (+) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+); ^v𝑃<0.05 NW carrier (−) versus NW carrier (+); ^w𝑃<0.05 NWO carrier (−) versus NWO carrier (+); ^x𝑃<0.05 Preob-Ob carrier (−) versus Preob-Ob carrier (+).