Review Article
Lead Exposure: A Summary of Global Studies and the Need for New Studies from Saudi Arabia
Table 1
Use of heavy metal lead in traditional medicine in Saudi Arabia.
| Exposure source | Description/exposure pathway | Ref. # |
| Bint dahab | A yellow lead oxide used as a home remedy. |
McNiel and Reinhard 1967 [80] | Santrinj | 98% lead oxide used as a home remedy for “gum boils” and “teething.” |
McNiel and Reinhard 1967 [80] | Traditional Saudi medicine | Orange powder for teething and for antidiarrheal effect. |
Abu Melha et al. 1987 [81] | Kohl | 83% lead, believed to strengthen and protect the eyes. | Al-Saleh et al. 1999 [23] |
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