Research Article
Effects of Long-Term Statin Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with or without Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 1
Patients’ characteristics.
| | Variables | CAD + CKD | CAD | CKD | value | | () | () | () |
| | Characteristics | | | | | | Age (years) | 69.7 ± 8.4 | 61.6 ± 10.5 | 53.6 ± 17.8 |
<0.001 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 2.2 | 23.2 ± 2.2 | 23.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | | Male | 232/328 (70.7) | 171/242 (70.7) | 64/147 (43.5) | <0.001 | | Hypertension | 246/328 (75.0) | 132/242 (54.5) | 83/147 (56.5) | <0.001 | | Diabetes mellitus | 88/328 (26.8) | 71/242 (29.3) | 42/147 (28.6) | 0.843 | | Smoking | 150/328 (45.7) | 123/242 (50.8) | 25/147 (17.0) | <0.001 | | Myocardial infarction | 186/328 (56.7) | 114/242 (47.1) | 0/147 (0) | <0.001 | | Angina pectoris | 133/328 (40.5) | 123/242 (50.8) | 0/147 (0) | <0.001 | | Stroke | 20/328 (6.1) | 14/242 (5.8) | 8/147 (5.4) | 0.992 | | Ejection fraction | 61.8 ± 14.2 | 65.6 ± 8.8 | 63.2 ± 12.7 | 0.017 | | Statin therapy | 301/328 (91.8) | 226/242 (93.4) | 68/147 (46.3) | <0.001 | | Concomitant medications | | | | | | Calcium-channel blocker | 115/328 (35.1) | 58/225 (25.8) | 75/147 (51.0) | 0.004 | | ACEI | 148/328 (45.1) | 103/242 (42.6) | 28/147 (19.0) | 0.002 | | ARB | 119/328 (36.3) | 83/242 (34.3) | 77/147 (52.4) | 0.041 | | β-blocker | 236/328 (72.0) | 190/242 (78.5) | 44/147 (29.9) | <0.001 | | Loop diuretic | 50/328 (15.3) | 13/121 (10.7) | 14/147 (9.5) | 0.36 | | Aspirin | 302/328 (92.1) | 228/242 (94.2) | 44/147 (29.9) | <0.001 | | Clinical parameters | | | | | | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 6.5 ± 2.9 | <0.001 | | LDL-C (mmol/l) | 9.7 ± 119.1 | 4.2 ± 17.9 | 3.9 ± 2.4 | 0.746 | | HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | | Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | | HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 7.8 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | | Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.2 ± 4.5 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 14.0 ± 55.3 | 0.014 | | SBP (mmHg) | 136.8 ± 30.0 | 130.1 ± 17.7 | 138.3 ± 22.4 | 0.006 | | DBP (mmHg) | 78.0 ± 15.9 | 78.9 ± 11.2 | 73.5 ± 10.0 | 0.041 | | BUN (mmol/l) | 8.8 ± 4.3 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 12.3 ± 6.5 | <0.001 | | Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 155.0 ± 111.8 | 80.5 ± 15.3 | 275.4 ± 205.9 | <0.001 | | ApoA-I (g/l) | 1.3 ± 3.9 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.588 | | ApoB (g/l) | 1.0 ± 2.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.638 | | ApoA-I/B | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 2.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.381 | | ApoE (ng/dl) | 43.6 ± 18.7 | 43.9 ± 26.0 | 97.7 ± 590.3 | 0.119 | | Lp (a) (ng/ml) | 383.1 ± 327.2 | 376.2 ± 429.3 | 372.3 ± 395.6 | 0.955 | | Clinical parameters at final observation | | | | | | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | | LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 0.005 | | HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.551 | | Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.69 | | HbA1c (%) | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 0.029 | | Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.1 ± 3.0 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 2.3 | 0.011 | | SBP (mmHg) | 138.2 ± 27.7 | 128.7 ± 16.1 | 134.7 ± 22.1 | <0.001 | | DBP (mmHg) | 78.1 ± 13.9 | 78.2 ± 10.9 | 82.4 ± 10.7 | 0.074 | | BUN (mmol/l) | 10.6 ± 7.2 | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 13.9 ± 6.8 | <0.001 | | Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 225.1 ± 168.8 | 83.6 ± 20.9 | 349.1 ± 255.0 | <0.001 | | ApoA-I (g/l) | 1.6 ± 6.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.570 | | ApoB (g/l) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | | ApoA-I/B | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | | ApoE (ng/dl) | 43.4 ± 28.4 | 40.9 ± 16.6 | 53.3 ± 66.6 | 0.010 | | Lp (a) (ng/ml) | 444.5 ± 1003.7 | 404.4 ± 401.3 | 346.9 ± 261.2 | 0.452 |
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Values are expressed as number of patients (percentage) or mean ± SD.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp (a), lipoprotein (a); SBP, systolic blood pressure.
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