Overexpression of FRAT1 Is Associated with Malignant Phenotype and Poor Prognosis in Human Gliomas

Figure 1

Immunohistochemical analysis of FRAT1 and markers for malignant activity in brain gliomas. Representative images are shown for sections from gliomas with increasing WHO grade (Grades I–IV) that were immunostained for FRAT1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, a marker for proliferation), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, a marker for invasiveness), and CD34 (a microvessel marker). Slides were costained with DAB as chromogen and hematoxylin as counterstain. FRAT1 and MMP-9 immunoreactivity show brown-yellow staining in the cytoplasm of tumor cells; PCNA immunoreactivity shows brown-yellow staining in the nucleus of tumor cells; CD34 immunoreactivity shows brown-yellow staining in vascular endothelial cells. Original magnification ×400 (FRAT1, PCNA, and MMP-9) and ×200 (CD34).