Perspective Biological Markers for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Advantages of the Use of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves in Evaluating Marker Sensitivity and Specificity

Table 2

Oxidative stress markers. AUC: Area Under the Curve; ASD: Autistic Spectrum Disorder; HC: healthy controls; and SD: standard deviation.

Lab test	Increase	Decrease	values	Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)				Diagnosis	Age (Y): range (mean ± SD)	Number; M/F	Control group	Country	Biologic sample	Technique	Reference
				Cut-off values	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC
GSH/GSSG (μmol/L)			0.001	31.100	100.0%	20.0%	1.000	Autism	3–15	20 male	HC	Saudi Arabia	Plasma	Biochemical assay	[40]
Peroxiredoxin 1; (ng/mL)			0.001	26.240	90.0%	80.0%	0.915							ELISA
Peroxiredoxin 3; (ng/mL)			0.001	26.990	100.0%	85.0%	1.000							ELISA
Thioredoxin 1; (ng/mL)			0.001	52.140	100.0%	85.0%	0.993							ELISA
Total glutathione; (μmol/L)			0.001	9.320	100.0%	20.0%	1.000							Biochemical assay
Thioredoxin reductase activity; (mU/mL)			0.001	2.350	65%	85%	0.881							Biochemical assay
Thioredoxin (TRX) (ng/mL)			<0.0001	10.6	86.9%	78.6%	0.913	ASD	(3.82 ± 1.34)	63/17	HC	China	Serum	ELISA	[41]
Isoprostane; (pg/mL)			0.001	78.270	100.0%	78.9%	1.000	Autism	4–12	20 male	HC	Saudi Arabia	Plasma	ELISA	[45]