(a) |
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Subjects | Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with CSF leakage | Age (years) | Gender | BMI | Relevant comorbidities | Symptoms | Orthostatic symptoms | DD (days) | Prior traumatic event | Other events before disease onset |
| 1 | 50 | f | 24.7 | None | Headache left frontal | Yes | 30 | No | Physical exertion | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 40 | f | 18.4 | Marfan’s syndrome, Arnold-Chiari I malformation, and depressive disorder | Occipital and temporal headache | Yes | 14 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 43 | m | 26 | None | Occipital headache | Yes | 10 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 45 | f | 23.7 | Migraine with aura | Occipital headache, pressure feeling in left ear, diplopia, and paresthesia in left arm and leg | Yes | 173 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | 72 | f | 14.7 | Subtotal colectomy, short bowel syndrome, cachexia, chronic gastritis, and numerous intestinal operations due to recurrent ileus | Occipital headache, vertigo | Yes | 360 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 6 | 30 | f | 21.5 | None | Holocephalic headache | Yes | 30 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | 44 | m | 25.2 | Arterial hypertension |
Holocephalic headache, vertigo, vomiting, diplopia, and paresthesia in left arm and leg | Yes | 196 | Fenestration of a spinal arachnoid cyst T2–4 | Decompression surgery due to disc herniation at the level of C5/6 | | | | | | | | | | | 8 | 23 | f | 22.8 | None | Occipital headache, vertigo, and photosensitivity | Yes | 4 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 9 | 44 | f | 20.2 | None | Occipital headache, vertigo, vomiting, and abducens nerve palsy | Yes | 2 | No | No | | | | | | | | | | | 10 | 52 | f | 23.4 | Cervical conisation due to cervix carcinoma and decompression surgery due to disc herniation at the level of L5/S1 | Holocephalic headache | Protracted | 202 | No | No |
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(b) |
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Subjects | Radiological characteristics of subjects with CSF leakage | Method of detection | Level of leakage | CSF scintigraphy | Early detection (in the bladder) | Meningeal enhancement (cranial MRI) | Subdural effusions (cranial MRI) |
| 1 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C1/2, T12 | Not detected | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | L1/2, L2/3 | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | Yes | 3 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C7/T1, T1/2 | C7/T1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C6/7, T1/2, T11, 12, L1/2, L3/4 | L1/2, L3/4, T11/12 | Yes | No | No | 5 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C5/6, C6/7 (nerve root cysts L4/5, S2/3, S3) | Not detected | Yes | Yes | Yes | 6 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C1/2, C5/6, C6/7, T12/L1 | n.d. | n.a. | Yes | Yes | 7 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | (Weak) C4/5, T1/2 | Not detected | Yes | No | Yes | 8 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C7/T1, T1/2, T2/3 | n.d. | n.a. | Yes | Yes | 9 | Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography | C6/7, T1/2 | n.d. | n.a. | Yes | Yes | 10 | MRI of the spine | Not detected (multiple nerve root cysts, 10 mm T1/2 and 25 mm S1/2) | S1/2 | No | Yes | Yes |
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(c) |
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Controls | Demographic and clinical characteristics of control subjects | Age (years) | Gender | BMI | Diagnosis | Relevant comorbidities |
| 1 | 74 | f | 20.6 | Axonal polyneuropathy | Arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation | 2 | 45 | m | 26.6 | Essential tremor | Alcohol dependence, recurrent depressive disorder | 3 | 48 | m | 27.2 | Multifocal motor neuropathy | Atopic dermatitis | 4 | 55 | f | 25.7 | Cervical vertigo | Disc herniation at the level of T6/7, asthma | 5 | 65 | m | 31.2 | Demyelinating neuropathy | Arterial hypertension, heart failure, psoriasis, gout | 6 | 45 | f | 42.0 | Axonal polyneuropathy | Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and anxiety disorder | 7 | 48 | f | 19.2 | Somatic symptom disorder | Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder | 8 | 31 | f | 28.7 | Axonal polyneuropathy | Borderline personality disorder | 9 | 24 | f | 20.5 | Somatic symptom disorder | None | 10 | 59 | m | 22.5 | Motor neuron disease | None |
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