Antibodies against C1q Are a Valuable Serological Marker for Identification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Active Lupus Nephritis

Table 1

Demographics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) () and non-SLE autoimmune diseases () and healthy control cohorts ().

Demographics	SLE	Non-SLE	Healthy
Ethnics (Chinese Han/Hui)	95 (75/20)	40 (26/14)	34 (20/14)
Age (mean ± SD) (range, years old)	32.56 ± 11.37 (14–71)	33.56 ± 11.78 (15–69)	32.50 ± 4.87 (12–73)
Gender (male/female) (% female)	9/86 (90.5)	4/36 (90.0)	3/31 (91.2)
Disease duration (mean ± SD) (range, years)	5.32 ± 4.04 (0.2–18)	6.01 ± 3.79 (0.3–20)	NA
SLEDAI score (range)	12.03 ± 6.45 (0–35)	NA	NA

Non-SLE (): other autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (5 cases), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) (10 cases), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (2 cases), dermatomyositis (DM) (5 cases), Behçet’s disease (BD) (4 cases), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (3 cases), undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) (5 cases), and systemic vasculitis (3 cases).