Effect of Increased Water Intake on Urinary DNA Adduct Levels and Mutagenicity in Smokers: A Randomized Study

Table 1

Subject demographics and baseline characteristics.

Characteristic	Test group; ()	Control group; ()
Age (y)
Mean ± SD	28.5 ± 7.4	30.6 ± 6.8
Range	20–45	20–45
Weight (kg)
Mean ± SD	71.88 ± 10.55	74.52 ± 7.78
Range	54.0–94.0	59.5–91.0
Body mass index (km/m^2)
Mean ± SD	22.46 ± 3.03	23.51 ± 2.25
Range	18.1–27.0	18.6–26.9
Type of tobacco
Blond	32 (100%)	32 (100%)
Filter use
Yes	30 (93.8%)	28 (87.5%)
No	2 (6.3%)	4 (12.5%)
Tar/cigarette
<3 mg	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
3–6 mg	1 (3.1%)	1 (3.1%)
7–10 mg	26 (81.3%)	29 (90.6%)
>10 mg	2 (6.3%)	0 (0.0%)
Unknown	3 (9.4%)	2 (6.3%)
Smoking in addition to cigarettes
None	31 (96.9%)	28 (87.5%)
Cigarillos	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.1%)
Water pipes	1 (3.1%)	2 (6.3%)
Other	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.1%)
Cigarette smoking/day by others in the household
None	22 (68.8%)	16 (50.0%)
≤10	6 (27.3%)	2 (12.5%)
11–20	8 (36.4%)	9 (56.3%)
21–30	2 (9.1%)	4 (25.0%)
>30	6 (27.3%)	1 (6.3%)
Fagerström score
Mean ± SD	6.9 ± 1.4	7.0 ± 1.3
Range	5–10	5–9
Cigarettes smoked/day
Mean ± SD	19.9 ± 6.2	20.8 ± 6.1
Range	15–40	15–40
Duration of smoking (y)
Mean ± SD	11.3 ± 6.8	14.6 ± 6.7
Range	3–28	4–28
Alcohol consumption (units/day)
<2	26 (81.3%)	27 (84.4%)
2 or 3	6 (18.8%)	5 (15.6%)
>3	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Values are shown for all subjects randomized and for whom data were available. Note that no data were available for one subject randomized to the test group. SD, standard deviation.