Effect of Increased Water Intake on Urinary DNA Adduct Levels and Mutagenicity in Smokers: A Randomized Study
Table 3
Urinary chemistry changes after intervention in test group versus control group.
Measure
Test
Control
All
value
(mean ± SD)
(mean ± SD)
(mean ± SD)
Excretion
Osmolality (mOsm/kg)
Baseline
32 (910.7 ± 105.3)
32 (908.2 ± 113.7)
64 (909.5 ± 108.7)
Study end
31 (410.4 ± 130.6)
31 (827.1 ± 224.2)
62 (618.7 ± 277.9)
Absolute raw change
31 (−502.1 ± 164.3)
31 (−84.8 ± 215.4)
62 (−293.5 ± 283.5)
Adjusted mean change (SE)
−501.7 ± 32.5
−85.2 ± 32.5
<0.001
Urine specific gravity (g/mL)
Baseline
32 (1.0246 ± 0.0033)
32 (1.0252 ± 0.0034)
64 (1.0249 ± 0.0033)
Study end
31 (1.0115 ± 0.0037)
31 (1.0231 ± 0.0059)
62 (1.0173 ± 0.0076)
Absolute raw change
31 (−0.0131 ± 0.0049)
31 (−0.0022 ± 0.0063)
62 (−0.0077 ± 0.0079)
Adjusted mean change (SE)
−0.013 ± 0.0009
−0.0019 ± 0.0009
<0.001
Values are shown for all subjects randomized and for whom data were available. SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error of the mean. value determined by analysis of covariance, adjusted for baseline values (parameter and cigarettes consumption).
