Noncoding Genomics in Gastric Cancer and the Gastric Precancerous Cascade: Pathogenesis and Biomarkers

Table 1

Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in inflammatory response, detoxification, and cancer-related and DNA repair genes associated with increasing susceptibility of gastric cancer. The sign (−) indicates that the SNP is located in the direction of the promoter region, the sign (+) indicates that the SNP is located in the direction of the coding region, the number indicates the nucleotide position from TSS, and the first nucleotide is substituted (/) by the second (taken from [126]).

Gene	Variation allelic	SNP	Location	rs number	Effect	Reference
IL-1B	SNP	−511 T/C &  −31 T/C	Near gene -5′	rs1143627	Increased IL-1 beta production and inhibition of gastric acid secretion	[46]
IL-8	SNP	−251 A/T	Near gene -5′	rs4073	Increased IL-8 production, associated with Lauren-class intestinal-type gastric cancer	[47]
IL-10	SNP	−1082 A/G	Intron region	rs1800896	Reported associated with the Lauren-class intestinal-type, cardia-located gastric cancer	[48]
TLR2	Deletion	−196 to −174del	Promoter region	Not applicable	Susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Southeastern Brazilian population	[49]
CYP2E1	SNP	−1295 C/G; −1055 C/T	Near gene -5′; Near gene -5′	rs3813867; rs2031920	A risk factor for gastric cancer in Asians by a synergic relation with GSTM1	[51]
MET	SNP	−304 C/A	Near gene -5′	undefined	Activated the transcription at junction sites for putative transcription factors such as Sp1 and AP-1/AP-2	[52]
CDH1	SNP	−160 C/A	Near gene -5′	rs16260	Increased risk of gastric cancer DNA methylation pattern of the promoter region of CDH1	[54]