Noncoding Genomics in Gastric Cancer and the Gastric Precancerous Cascade: Pathogenesis and Biomarkers

Table 3

Types of human noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer.

Types	Name	Expression	Putative biological processes involved	Biomarker potential	References
sncRNAs	piR-651	Upregulated (tissue)	Proliferation and cell cycle	Predictor of early diagnosis	[95]
	piR-823	Downregulated (tissue, cell, and peripheral blood)	Proliferation and cell metastasis	Noninvasive diagnosis biomarker	[75, 96]
	miR-222	Upregulated (plasma)	Tumor metastasis	Noninvasive biomarker for the early detection and prognosis	[104]
lncRNAs	HOTAIR	Upregulated (tissue)	Tumor metastasis and cell invasion	Predictor of lymph node metastasis and poor survival	[113, 115, 116]
	LINC00152	Upregulated (tissue, gastric juice, and plasma)	Cell invasion	Noninvasive diagnosis biomarker	[118, 119]
	H19	Upregulated (tissue, cell, and plasma)	Proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, invasion, and cell metastasis	Noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis	[98, 120, 124, 125]