| First author/
publication year | | Samples | Gender (M/F) | Age (years) | Pathological pattern | Fuhrman stage | Immunohistochemistry | Evaluation of expression level (CXCR4) | Low versus high (CXCR4) | | Histologic origin | Antibody source | Dilution |
| | An, 2014 [2] | TS
VS | 125
100 | 84/41
65/35 | 57.6 ± 12.7
60.5 ± 11.5 | ccRCC
ccRCC | I-II/III-IV; 75/50
I-II/III-IV; 62/38 | Tumor sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | 1 : 400 | Five-staged score (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) | High (scores 0, 1, and 2) versus low (scores 3 and 4) |
| | Li, 2013 [20] | | 104 | 69/35 | 64.5 (34–86) | ccRCC | I-II/III-IV; 63/41 | Tissue sections | Rabbit; Abcam, UK | NA | Range of positive cells: high; moderate 25–85%; low <25%; and absence = 0% |
≥85% versus <85% |
| | D’Alterio, 2012 [19] | | 62 | 45/17 | 55 (31–82) | mRCC | Fuhrman grading:
I-II/III-IV; 12/50 | Histologic sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | 1 : 1000 | The rate of stained (positive) tumor cells: 0–5% low, >5–20% intermediate, and >20% high | Negative/low versus
Mediate versus high |
| | Wang, 2012 [21] | | 97 | 60/37 | ≤60/>60; 63/34 | ccRCC and others | Fuhrman grading:
I-II/III-IV; 67/30 | Tissue sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | NA | The 25th percentile value of the average percentage of positive tumor cells | High (≥30%) versus low (<30%) |
| | Li, 2011 [11] | | 117 | 78/39 | ≥60/<60; 54/63 | ccRCC and LARCC | Fuhrman grading:
I–III/IV; 96/21 | Tissue sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | 1 : 100 | Conventional four-tiered semiquantitative scoring system: scores 0–3 for negative, weak, moderate, and strong staining | Positive (+) versus negative (−) |
| | D’Alterio, 2010 [17, 18] | | 223 | 121/102 | ≥70/<70; 99/124 | RCC (chromophobe, conventional, papillary, bellini and other) | Fuhrman grading:
I–III/IV; 168/53 | Histologic sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | 1 : 2000 | The rate of positive tumor cells in 10 high power field (400x)/slide: 0–5% low, >5–20% intermediate, and >20% high |
20%> versus >20% |
| | D’Alterio, 2010 [17, 18] | | 240 | 139/101 | 61 (26–84) | RCC (chromophobe, papillary, clear cell and other) | Fuhrman grading:
I-II/III-IV; 163/58 | Tissue sections | Mouse; R&D Systems, USA | 1 : 2000 | The rate of positive tumor cells in 10 high power field (400x)/slide: 0–5% low, >5–20% intermediate, and >20% high | 20%> versus >20% |
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