Disease Markers

Review Article

Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Table 7

Comparison of the mean of IL-1β concentration between different studies using the same analytical techniques.


Study	[41]	[12]	[51]	[67]	[103]

ELISA kit	Standard ELISA kit (Bender Med Systems, Vienna, Austria)	Standard ELISA kit (Immunotech, France)	Standard ELISA kit (RayBiotech)	Standard ELISA kit (Quantikine R & D System)	Standard ELISA kit (Biosource, Ontario, CA)

GCF collection method	Paper strips	Microcapillary tubes	Paper strips	Paper strips	Paper strips

Number of GCF samples	2	20 µl	4	1	4

Number of subjects	20H, 20G, 20CP, 20GAgP	30H, 30CP	21H, 21G, 21CP, 21GAgP	21H, 30CP	10H, 25G

Mean and SD for IL-1β concentration (pg/ml) and clinical parameters for CP patients	128.99	409.2733 (98.0503)	423.65 (35.24)	72.5 (37.0)
	PD = 5.24 (0.66)	OHI-S = 5.1567 (1.4343)	PD = 3.45 (0.46)	PD = 6.4 (0.6)
	CAL = 5.44 (0.63)	GI = 1.7793 (0.4253)	CAL = 3.62 (0.34)	CAL = 5.4 (0.9)
	PI = 3.91 (0.48)	PDI = 4.0333 (1.1592)	PI = 2.16 (0.28)	PI (%) = 64.4 (18.8)
	PBI = 2.61 (0.32)	PD = 4.7667 (1.6333)	GI = 2.18 (0.34)	GI = 2.3 (0.8)
		BOP = 2.0333 (0.8899)	BOP = 81.24 ± 14.20

Mean and SD for IL-1β concentration (pg/ml) and clinical parameters for G patients	45.68		52.10 (7.15)		17.8732 (10.0523)
	PD = 2.51 (0.37)		PD = 2.36 (0.23)		PD = 1.3029 (0.3142)
	CAL = 0.66 (0.57)		CAL = 2.32 (0.18)		CAL = 1.3029 (0.3142)
	PI = 3.71 (0.57)		PI = 1.68 (0.24)		PI = 0.5563 (0.5410)
	PBI = 2.16 (0.33)		GI = 1.62 ± 0.28		GI = 0.4832 (0.4959)
			BOP = 71.24 ± 12.40		GBI = 0.1635 (0.1904)

Mean and SD for IL-1β concentration (pg/ml) and clinical parameters for H subjects	49.81	195.77 (80.0795)	36.44 (8.86)	15.5 (14.0)	14.0000 (9.9482)
	PD = 1.5 (0.17)	OHI-S = 2.0533 (0.1925)	PD = 1.64 (0.42)	PD = 1.5 (0.9)	PD = 1.0728 (0.0689)
	CAL = 0.04 (0.06)	GI = 0.2333 (0.4302)	CAL = 1.74 (0.42)	CAL ≤ 1	CAL = 1.0728 (0.0689)
	PI = 1.41 (0.39)	PDI = 0.2333 (0.4302)	PI = 1.28 (0.12)	PI (%) = 45.8 (12.7)	PI = 0.1883 (0.2346)
	PBI = 0.36 (0.22)	PD = 0.0000 (0.0000)	GI = 1.25 (0.11)	GI = 0.7 (0.3)	GI = 0.0000 (0.0000)
		BOP = 0.0000 (0.0000)	BOP = 5.80 (3.50)		GBI = 0.0000 (0.0000)

Mean and SD for IL-1β concentration (pg/ml) and clinical parameters for GAgP patients	93.78		110.23 (9.20)
	PD = 5.03 (1.09)		PD = 3.83 (0.54)
	CAL = 5.39 (1.97)		CAL = 3.93 (0.27)
	PI = 3.55 (1.09)		PI = 2.42 (0.35)
	PBI = 2.15 (0.91)		GI = 2.31 (0.44)
			BOP = 86.41 (10.20)

CAL = clinical attachment loss. PBI = papilla bleeding index. OHI-S = simplified oral hygiene index. GI = gingival index. PDI = periodontal disease index. PD = probing depth. BOP = bleeding on probing. GBI = gingival bleeding index. PI = plaque index.