Proteomic-Based Approaches for the Study of Cytokines in Lung Cancer

Table 1

Cytokines used as different types of lung cancer biomarkers.

Cytokine	Sample	Current purpose as a biomarker	Current well-known function in lung cancer
IL-6	Blood, BALF, and pleural effusion	Diagnostic, prognostic, and predicting the treatment response	Prooncogenic
IL-8	Blood, BALF, and sputum	Diagnostic and prognostic	Prooncogenic
VEGF	Blood, BALF, sputum, pleural effusion, and tissue	Diagnostic and prognostic	Prooncogenic
TNF-α	Blood	Predicting the treatment response	Prooncogenic and antitumor, depending on the context
IL-2	Blood	Prognostic and predicting the treatment response	Not yet determined
IL-18	Blood, BALF, and sputum	Diagnostic	Not yet determined
IL-10	Blood	Diagnostic	Prooncogenic and antitumor, depending on the context
IL-13	Blood	Diagnostic	Not yet determined
IL-22	Blood	Diagnostic and prognostic	Prooncogenic
IFN-γ	Blood	Diagnostic and prognostic	Not yet determined
IL-32	Tissue	Prognostic	Prooncogenic
IL-37	Tissue	Prognostic	Antitumor