Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Above and Beyond Conventional Ovarian Reserve Markers

Table 2

Summary of available evidence for clinical applications of anti-Mullerian hormone.


Year	Author	Sample size	Study	Outcomes

2013	Fleming et al. [66]	= 683 PCOS	Meta-analysis	AMH value of 4.7 ng/mL has the power to diagnose PCOS with (i) 79.4% specificity and 82.8% sensitivity & AUC = 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.92)

2011	Karkanaki et al. [2]		Review	Decreased AMH in (i) Ageing, higher BMI, ovariectomy, chemo/radio therapy, GnRH administration, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive pills Raised AMH in polycystic ovarian syndrome

2013	Lindhardt Johansen et al. [1]		Review	Diagnostic role of AMH in pediatric group includes the following: (i) Determination of testicular tissue (ii) Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (iii) Females with virilization and polycystic ovaries (iv) Premature ovarian insufficiency (v) Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (vi) Klinefelter syndrome (vii) Granulosa cell tumor

2011	Yates et al. [57]	Case = 423 Control =346	Retrospective	AMH tailor individualized ovarian stimulation significantly (i) Increased embryo transfer (79–87%) and live birth rates (15.9–23.9%) (ii) Decreased OHSS (6.9 to 2.3%) and failed fertilization (7.8 to 4.5%) (iii) Reduced cost of fertility treatment by 29% per patient

2014	Broer et al. [21]		Review	Novel indications for use of AMH for ovarian reserve testing in (i) Small for gestational age (ii) Type I diabetes mellitus (iii) Autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematous (iv) Ovarian surgery and uterine artery embolization for fibroids (v) BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers