Urinary APE1/Ref-1: A Potential Bladder Cancer Biomarker

Figure 2

Urinary APE1/Ref-1 levels are associated with bladder tumor grade, stage, muscle invasion, and recurrence. (a) Each bar shows the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) ( for low-grade tumors, for high-grade tumors, and for noncancer controls). (b) ROC curves for APE1/Ref-1, the determination of different bladder tumor grades. (c) Urinary APE1/Ref-1 levels are elevated in patients with higher stage tumors. Each bar shows the mean ± SEM ( for stage T1, for stage T2, for stage T3-T4, and for noncancer controls). (d) ROC curves for APE1/Ref-1, the determination of different bladder tumor stages. (e) Urinary APE1/Ref-1 levels are higher in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Each bar shows the mean ± SEM ( for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [NMIBC], for muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC], and for noncancer controls). (f) ROC curves for APE1/Ref-1, the determination of different of NMIBC and MIBC. (g) APE1/Ref-1 levels are higher in patients with previously recurrent tumors ( for previously recurrent tumors and for nonrecurrent tumors). (h) ROC curves for APE1/Ref-1, the determination of recurrent bladder tumors. Bars: SEM. , significantly different from noncancer controls.

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