Measurement of the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Improves the Risk Prediction in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Table 1
Baseline parameters as predictors of the 5-year mortality.
Heart failure patients
Survived ()
Died ()
value
Five-year mortality
()
HR
95% CI of HR
Wald
value
Clinical variables
Age (years)
67 (60–73)
67 (60–71)
70 (62–74)
0.08
1.28
0.96–1.71
2.99
0.08
Male gender
110 (82)
59 (76)
51 (89)
0.05
2.06
0.88–4.81
2.82
0.09
BMI (kg/m2)
27 (24–30)
27 (25–30)
27 (23–29)
0.14
0.82
0.63–1.07
2.01
0.15
Ischemic
77 (57)
41 (53)
36 (63)
0.25
1.36
0.79–2.33
1.27
0.25
LBBB
110 (82)
70 (90)
40 (70)
0.002
0.35
0.20–0.63
12.52
<0.0001
CRT-D
22 (16)
14 (18)
8 (14)
0.52
0.72
0.34–1.54
0.68
0.40
Opt. lead position
98 (73)
56 (72)
42 (73)
0.90
1.00
0.55–1.80
0.00
1.00
QRS (msec)
163 (140–184)
164 (140–184)
163 (142–185)
0.82
1.05
0.81–1.36
0.14
0.70
LVEF (%)
28 (23–33)
28 (23–32)
26 (23–33)
0.90
0.96
0.73–1.27
0.05
0.82
LVESV (mL)
210 (153–276)
218 (158–276)
202 (140–259)
0.30
0.90
0.68–1.20
0.45
0.50
LVEDV (mL)
303 (250–361)
308 (250–381)
294 (242–341)
0.39
0.90
0.69–1.18
0.50
0.47
NYHA III, IV
115 (85)
63 (81)
52 (91)
0.12
2.07
0.82–5.19
2.42
0.12
Hypertension
70 (52)
42 (54)
32 (56)
0.85
1.04
0.61–1.75
0.02
0.88
Hyperlipidemia
32 (23)
16 (20)
16 (28)
0.32
1.20
0.67–2.14
0.39
0.53
Diabetes m.
48 (35)
26 (33)
24 (42)
0.32
1.51
0.89–2.56
2.36
0.12
ACEi/ARB
128 (95)
75 (97)
53 (92)
0.22
0.54
0.19–1.49
1.39
0.23
BB
119 (88)
73 (94)
47 (82)
0.02
0.34
0.17–0.69
9.11
0.003
MRI
93 (69)
57 (74)
37 (64)
0.25
0.71
0.41–1.23
1.46
0.22
Laboratory data
RDW (%)
13.6 (13.0–14.6)
13.3 (12.9–14.0)
14.2 (13.5–15.2)
<0.0001
1.48
1.25–1.75
20.89
<0.0001
Hematocrit (%)
42 (38–45)
42 (39–45)
40 (36–43)
0.01
0.70
0.53–0.92
6.21
0.01
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)
2612 (1454–5101)
2188 (997–3567)
4025 (2086–6482)
<0.0001
1.43
1.19–1.73
14.45
<0.0001
Creatinine (μmol/L)
109 (79–134)
93 (74–113)
116 (91–148)
0.0002
1.42
1.18–1.71
14.25
<0.0001
Data are expressed as medians with interquartile ranges for continuous variables and as event numbers with percentages for categorical variables. For the comparison of continuous data, we used the Mann-Whitney test, whereas the chi squared test was applied for the comparison of the categorical variables. The 5-year mortality was assessed by using univariate Cox regression analysis. The hazard ratios refer to the presence versus the absence in the case of categorical variables and a 1 standard deviation increase in the case of continuous variables. HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; = Wald chi squared; BMI = body mass index; Ischemic = ischemic etiology of the heart failure; LBBB = left bundle branch block; CRT-D = cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Opt. lead position = lateral or posterolateral position; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV = left ventricular end systolic volume; LVEDV = left ventricular end diastolic volume; NYHA III, IV = New York Heart Association classification 3-4; ACEi/ARB = angiotensin convertase inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; BB = beta-blocker; MRI = mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor; NT-proBNP = N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; RDW = red blood cell distribution width.
