Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics

Table 1

Aberrant lncRNAs expression in various cancers.

lncRNAs	Cancer type	Sample	Up/down	Extraction method	Normalization	Quantification method	Diagnostic performance	Reference
MALAT1	NSCLC	Tissue	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	GADPH	qRT-PCR	Null	[29]
		Tissue	Up	Qiagen; RNeasy Micro Kit	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[30]
		Cell lines (A549, HTB53, 56, 57, 58)	Up	TRIzol Reagent [29, 31]; (Invitrogen), QiagenRNeasy Micro Kit [30]	GADPH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[29–31]
		Peripheral whole blood	Down	AxyPrep™ Blood Total RNA Miniprep kit	GAPDH	qRT-PCR	AUC 0.718	[34]
		Cellular fraction of peripheral human blood	Down	RiboPure BloodKit (Life Technologies)	GAPDH; HPRT1	TaqMan	AUC 0.79,; specificity 96%,; sensitivity 56%	[20]
MALAT1	PCa	Tissue	Up	TRIzol Reagent [19]; (Invitrogen)	GAPDH [35]; ACTB [19]	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[19, 35]
		Plasma	Up	mirVana PARIS Kit (Ambion)	Input amount Standard curve method	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	AUC 0.836,; specificity 84.8%,; sensitivity 58.6%	[19]
		Urine	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	PSA	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	AUC (0.670 and 0.742)	[38]
H19	GC	Tissue	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	ACTB	GoTaq qRT-PCR [39] SYBR-Green qRT-PCR [42, 44]	Null	[39, 42, 44]
		Tissue	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[45]
		Tissue	Up	RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit	ACTB	TaqMan	Null	[18]
		Cell lines; (AGS, MGC-803, SGC-7901, SMMC-7721, HepG2, Du145, PC-3 A549)	Up/down	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	ACTB	GoTaq qRT-PCR	Null	[39]
		Cell lines; (AGS, MKN45, MG-C803, SGC7901, GES-1)	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	ACTB [42, 44] GAPDH [45]	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[42, 44, 45]
		Plasma	Up	mirVana PARIS Kit (Ambion)	Relative to the level of plasma lncRNAs	TaqMan	AUC 0.640,; specificity 58%,; sensitivity 74%	[18]
		Plasma	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (TaKaRa)	Standard curve constructed with lncRNA probes	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	AUC 0.838,; specificity 72.9%,; sensitivity 82.9%	[22]
HOTAIR	CRC	Tissue	Up	ISOGEN (Nippon Gene), QIAamp DNA Micro Kit [46],; AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini kit [47]	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[46, 47]
		Cell lines; (HT29, SW480)	Up	AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini kit	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[47]
		Blood	Up	MirVana Isolation Kit (Life Technologies)	ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, PPIA, GUS; 18S rRNA,	TaqMan	AUC 0.870,; specificity 92.5%,; sensitivity 67%	[53]
HOTAIR	OSCC	Tissue	Up	TRIzol Reagent	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[55, 56, 59]
		Cell lines; (TSCCA, Tca8113)	Up	TRIzol Reagent; (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[56]
		Saliva	Up	TRIzol (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	SYBR-Green qRT-PCR	Null	[59]
LINC00152	GC	Tissue	Up	TRIzol (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	GoTaq qRT-PCR	Null	[60]
		Cell lines; (AGS, BGC-823, MGC-803, SGC-7901)	Up	TRIzol (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	GoTaq qRT-PCR	Null	[60]
		Gastric juice	Up	TRIzol LS Reagent (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	GoTaq qRT-PCR	AUC 0.645,; specificity 68.1%,; sensitivity 62.5%	[60]
		Plasma	Up	TRIzol LS Reagent (Invitrogen)	GAPDH	GoTaq qRT-PCR	AUC 0.675,; specificity 85.2%,; sensitivity; 48.1%	[26]