Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue but Not in Liver Is Associated with Aortic Valve Calcification

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population.

= 1,201
Age (years)
Gender (men, %)	576 (48)
BMI (kg/m^2)
Visceral AT (cm^2)	151 (112–194)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
LDL-C (mmol/L)
HDL-C (mmol/L)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.68 (1.28–2.28)
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.05 (4.7–5.5)
HOMA-IR	4.09 (2.7–5.9)
Adipo-IR	9.65 ()
hsCRP (nmol/L)	15.3 (8.2–32.0)
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	7.9 (4.9–12.8)
Physical activity index
Current smoking, (%)	270 (22.5)
Statin use, (%)	106 (8.8)
Type 2 diabetes, (%)	161 (13.4)
Coronary artery calcification, (%)	318 (26.5)
Aortic valve calcification, (%)	226 (18.8)

Values of quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and qualitative variables as number of subjects (percentage). BMI: body mass index; AT: adipose tissue; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Adipo-IR: adipose tissue insulin resistance; hsCRP: high sensitive C-reactive protein.