Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Infection in Pneumonia and Encephalitis Mouse Models

Figure 1

Immunofluorescent staining and virus propagation at each infected site. Immunofluorescent staining of the lung (a) and the brain (b) 5 days postinfection detected influenza A virus (IAV), in the bronchial epithelium and the cerebral cortex, respectively. Images are representative of 4 mice per model. IAV propagation was detected both in the lung (c) and in the brain (d) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( mice for day 0, mice for days 1, 3, and 5 per group). Body weight of mice infected with intranasal IAV (e) and intracranial IAV (f) was monitored for 5 days after inoculation ( mice for days 0 and 1, mice for days 2 and 3, and mice for days 4 and 5 per group). Mice in the pneumonia group lost about 20% of their body weight, whereas mice in the encephalitis group showed about 30% weight loss. All data represent the mean ± SEM values.

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