Review Article
Metabolic Footprints and Molecular Subtypes in Breast Cancer
Table 2
Potential therapeutic drugs targeting metabolic enzymes of cancer.
| | Target | Drug | Study phase |
| | Glucose transporters | Phloretin | Preclinical | | 2-Deoxyglucose | Phase 1 |
| | Hexokinase | 2-Deoxyglucose | Phase 1 | | Lonidamine | Clinical trial | | 3-Bromopyruvate | Preclinical |
| | Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 3 (PFKFB3) | 3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO) | Preclinical |
| | Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) | TLN-232/CAP-23 | Phase 2 |
| | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) | Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) | Phase 1 |
| | Monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) | AZD3965 | Phase 1/2 |
| | Mitochondrial complex 1 | Metformin | Clinical trial | | Phenformin |
| | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) | Etomoxir | Tested in clinical trials; retired owing to hepatotoxicity |
| | Choline kinase | CK37 | Preclinical | | TCD-717 | Phase 1 |
| | HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) | Statins | Nononcologic clinical trial |
| | Asparagine | L-asparginase | Phase 2 |
| | Arginine | Arginine deaminase | Phase 2 |
| | Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase | FK866/APO866 | Phase 2 |
| | Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) | AGI-5198 | Preclinical | | AGI-6780 |
| | Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) | INCB 024360 | Phase 1/2 | | Indoximod (NLG2101) |
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