Amniotic Fluid Infection in Preterm Pregnancies with Intact Membranes

Table 2

Amniotic fluid biomarker concentrations in IAI suspected cases and controls.

Biomarker ng/mL	Cases ()	Controls ()	value	Adjusted
Cascade 1
MMP-8	11 (3–5431)	4.5 (2–76)	<0.001	0.004
MMP-9	10 (0.7–9678)	2.6 (0.6–19)	0.003	0.005
MPO	362 (75.6–79095)	80 (8.6–488)	<0.001	<0.001
IL-6	1.1 (0.03–1021)	0.4 (0.06–8.2)	0.004	0.163
Cascade 2
HNE	19 (2.8–16380)	23 (1.5–200)	0.51	0.444
Elafin	288 (7–10491)	74.5 (7–3739)	0.001	0.002
MMP-9	10 (0.7–9678)	2.6 (0.6–19)	0.003	0.005
Cascade 3
MMP-2	296 (153–938)	216 (72–505)	0.01	0.01
TIMP-1	1347 (633–9752)	1112 (505–3473)	0.011	0.022
MMP-8 /TIMP-1 molar ratio	0.005 (0.001–0.973)	0.002 (0–0.014)	<0.001	0.069
CRP	43 (5–1783)	28.8 (5–670)	0.343	0.424
Biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice
LD IU/L°	234 (88–5459)	14.5 (4.0–156)	<0.001
Gluc mmol/L°	1.9 (0.0–4.0)	1.7 (0.3–4.9)	0.585

Median (range).
°Missing in controls.
by gestational age at amniocentesis.
MIAC, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
MMP-8, matrix metalloproteinase-8; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO, myeloperoxidase; IL-6, interleukin-6; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; HNE, neutrophil elastase; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; CRP, C-reactive protein; LD, lactate dehydrogenase; Gluc, glucose.