Risk Factors for the Development of Refeeding Syndrome-Like Hypophosphatemia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Table 1
Neonatal and maternal demographic information for very low birth weight infants stratified according to serum phosphate levels.
Characteristic
All ()
Hypophosphatemia ()
Normophosphatemia ()
value
Gestational age, weeks
29.4 (27.6–31.9)
29.1 (28.3–31.9)
29.8 (27.3–31.9)
0.618
Birth weight, g
1124 (824–1364)
937 (823–1257)
1137 (1006–1391)
0.146
z score of birth weight
−1.03 (−2.48 to 0.22)
−2.24 (−2.78 to −0.84)
−0.63 (−1.96 to 0.24)
0.036
Apgar score at 5 min
7 (5–8)
7 (5–8)
8 (6–8)
0.420
Days of enteral feeding >100 mL/kg/day, days
11.0 (8.5–14.0)
14.0 (10.0–20.0)
10.5 (8.0–13.0)
0.027
Duration of mechanical ventilation, days
5.0 (2.5–32.5)
7.5 (3.3–24.3)
4.0 (2.0–37.0)
0.351
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, %
14.3 (7/49)
26.7 (4/15)
8.8 (3/34)
0.179
Gestational diabetes mellitus, %
6.1 (3/49)
0 (0/15)
8.8 (3/34)
0.543
Multiple pregnancies, %
26.5 (13/49)
20.0 (3/15)
29.4 (10/34)
0.727
Pregnancy week at UA-RI measurement, weeks
29.1 (26.9–31.4)
29.1 (28.2–31.8)
28.9 (26.6–30.9)
0.329
UA-RI
0.64 (0.58–0.75)
0.74 (0.66–0.80)
0.62 (0.57–0.70)
0.013
Abnormal umbilical artery resistance index, %
26.5 (13/49)
53.3 (8/15)
14.7 (5/34)
0.011
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or frequency (n/N). Significant differences between the groups () are indicated in bold font. UA-RI: umbilical artery resistance index.
