Research Article
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Predictor of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Progression: A Retrospective Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.
| | All () | Group 1 ()
GDF-15 < 2.15 ng/ml | Group 2 ()
GDF-15 ≥ 2.15 ng/ml | value |
| | Age (years) | 59.9 ± 13.2 (24–80) | 56.0 ± 12.8 | 67.6 ± 10.9 | 0.012 | | Male sex, n (%) | 24 | 15 (65.2%) | 9 (75.0%) | 0.424 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.3 (18.0–31.8) | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 3.66 | 0.887 | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.2 ± 22.6 (98–192) | 128.9 ± 23.6 | 131.7 ± 21.3 | 0.641 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.8 ± 12.8 (55–107) | 78.4 ± 12.6 | 76.7 ± 13.7 | 0.731 | | DM, n (%) | 6 (17.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.001 | | HTN, n (%) | 18 (51.4%) | 10 (43.5%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.172 | | ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 27 (77.1%) | 18 (78.3%) | 9 (75.0%) | 0.571 | | Laboratory parameters | | Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.9 ± 1.6 (8.6–16.1) | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.3 | 0.012 | | Serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.86 ± 0.73 (1.6–4.4) | 2.95 ± 0.79 | 2.69 ± 0.60 | 0.327 | | Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 ± 0.51 (0.5–2.5) | 0.90 ± 0.37 | 1.33 ± 0.63 | 0.049 | | eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 83.6 ± 28.7 (26.2–126.8) | 92.5 ± 22.4 | 66.1 ± 32.6 | 0.009 | | Glucose (mg/dl) | 98.7 ± 29.5 (50–194) | 91.9 ± 23.0 | 111.8 ± 36.7 | 0.056 | | Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 277.8 ± 97.5 (143–594) | 292.3 ± 103.7 | 246.1 ± 77.5 | 0.202 | | LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 172.8 ± 62.8 (68–302) | 187.7 ± 64.2 | 139.9 ± 47.2 | 0.056 | | UPCR (g/g Cr) | 4.5 ± 4.2(0.05–15.26) | 3.64 ± 3.98 | 6.15 ± 4.36 | 0.096 | | GDF-15 (pg/ml) | 1.73 ± 0.77 (0.32–2.97) | 1.28 ± 0.50 | 2.59 ± 0.31 | 0.000 | | PLA2R Ab (ng/ml) | 2.76 ± 1.14 (1.30–6.10) | 2.37 ± 0.75 | 3.58 ± 1.41 | 0.019 | | Histologic parameters | | Sclerosis (>25%), n (%) | 12 (34.3%) | 8 (34.8%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.618 | | IF/TA (%) | 12.2 ± 7.98 | 10.0 ± 7.1 | 16.3 ± 8.3 | 0.025 | | IF/TA (≥15%), n (%) | 16 (45.7%) | 8 (34.8%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.075 |
|
|
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; ACEi or ARB: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR: spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor-15; PLA2R Ab: phospholipase A2 receptor antibody; IF/TA: interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy.
|
