Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Predictor of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Progression: A Retrospective Study

Table 2

Multivariate regression analysis of initial renal function and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy.

Factors	Initial renal function (eGFR <60)		IF/TA (≥15%)
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
GDF-15 (≥2.15 ng/ml)	17.387 (1.232–245.286)	0.034	1.367 (0.157–11.909)	0.777
PLA2R Ab (≥2.77 ng/ml)	1.222 (0.066–22.483)	0.037	10.147 (1.223–84.170)	0.032
eGFR			0.981 (0.946–1.018)	0.303
IF/TA (≥15%)	0.190 (0.012–2.935)	0.125
Sclerosis (≥25%)	1.395 (0.083–23.559)	0.076	1.214 (0.149–9.916)	0.856

eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR: odd ratio; CI: confidence interval; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor-15; PLA₂R Ab: phospholipase A₂ receptor antibody; IF/TA: interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy.