Choline Compounds of the Frontal Lobe and Temporal Glutamatergic System in Bipolar and Schizophrenia Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Table 2

Metabolite ratios in the frontal and temporal lobes for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and controls (means ± SD).

Metabolite ratios	Patients with schizophrenia	Patients with bipolar disorder	Controls	value
Left frontal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.75 ± 0.22	1.75 ± 0.32	1.74 ± 0.21	NS
Glx/Cr	1.98 ± 0.29	1.93 ± 0.56	2.17 ± 0.39	NS
Cho/Cr	0.99 ± 0.17	0.99 ± 0.12	0.90 ± 0.17	NS
mI/Cr	0.76 ± 0.26	0.78 ± 0.19	0.71 ± 0.25	NS
NAA/H2O	0.47 ± 0.08	0.47 ± 0.08	0.46 ± 0.06	NS
Glx/H2O	0.54 ± 0.08	0.50 ± 0.12	0.56 ± 0.10	NS
Cho/H2O	0.26 ± 0.04	0.27 ± 0.05	0.23 ± 0.04	0.04
Cr/H2O	0.27 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.03	NS
mI/H2O	0.20 ± 0.07	0.21 ± 0.05	0.18 ± 0.06	NS
Left temporal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.83 ± 0.37	1.73 ± 0.36	1.78 ± 0.35	NS
Glx/Cr	2.24 ± 0.44	2.18 ± 0.58	2.24 ± 0.66	NS
Cho/Cr	0.98 ± 0.17	0.97 ± 0.20	1.00 ± 0.20	NS
mI/Cr	0.73 ± 0.22	0.73 ± 0.27	0.72 ± 0.24	NS
NAA/H2O	0.45 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.07	0.40 ± 0.08	NS
Glx/H2O	0.62 ± 0.07	0.53 ± 0.14	0.54 ± 0.15	0.02
Cho/H2O	0.25 ± 0.06	0.23 ± 0.07	0.23 ± 0.06	NS
Cr/H2O	0.25 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.05	NS
mI/H2O	0.18 ± 0.06	0.17 ± 0.06	0.17 ± 0.07	NS

Kruskal-Wallis test. NS: nonsignificant; NAA: N-acetylaspartate; Glx: GABA, glutamine, and glutamate; Cho: choline-containing compounds; Cr: creatine plus phosphocreatine; mI: myo-inositol.