Amino Acid-Based Metabolic Panel Provides Robust Prognostic Value Additive to B-Natriuretic Peptide and Traditional Risk Factors in Heart Failure

Table 3

Univariate and multivariable analysis for the HOP score and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for discriminating patients at heart failure stage C from normal controls (initiation cohort).

	Univariate		Multivariable^†
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	value
HOP score	1.53 (1.42~1.66)	<0.001	1.64 (1.45~1.86)	<0.001
Log (BNP) (×10^−2)	1.05 (1.04~1.06)	<0.001	1.06 (1.04~1.08)	<0.001

The range of HOP score, value calculated by the combination of histidine, ornithine, and phenylalanine, is from −17.7 to 35.2 (on the basis of logistic regression model). ^†Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension.