Assessment of the Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickening and Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease Coupled with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Table 1

Demographic and clinical data of the study participants.

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Chi-square or
	51	38	42	49
Age (years)	46.10 ± 0.58	46.79 ± 0.63	46.64 ± 0.54	46.61 ± 0.53	0.292	0.831
Gender (male/female)	41/10	30/8	33/9	38/11	0.124	0.989
Current smoker (%)	23.53 (12/51)	21.05 (8/38)	23.81 (10/42)	22.45 (11/49)	0.109	0.991
CIMT (mm)	0.84 ± 0.009^#△▲	0.76 ± 0.013	0.75 ± 0.011	0.75 ± 0.009	18.007	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.57 ± 0.20	25.58 ± 0.24	25.90 ± 0.22	25.45 ± 0.19	0.818	0.486
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	99.31 ± 1.64^#◇	100.12 ± 2.20^△▲	107.47 ± 1.70	107.54 ± 1.35	7.146	<0.001
UACR (mg/g)	100.46 ± 1.92^#◇	98.18 ± 2.42^△▲	10.45 ± 0.29	10.37 ± 0.24	1165.8	<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	7.18 ± 0.06	7.19 ± 0.07	7.34 ± 0.06	7.34 ± 0.06	1.976	0.119
HbA1C (%)	7.46 ± 0.07	7.39 ± 0.07	7.26 ± 0.05	7.26 ± 0.09	1.932	0.126
Duration of diabetes (years)	10.22 ± 0.35	10.03 ± 0.29	9.31 ± 0.23	9.76 ± 0.26	1.745	0.16
Hypertension (%)	33.33 (17/51)	31.58 (12/38)	26.19 (11/42)	30.61 (15/49)	0.581	0.901
TGs (mmol/L)	1.85 ± 0.04^#◇	1.85 ± 0.04^△▲	1.72 ± 0.04	1.70 ± 0.04	4.011	0.009
TC (mmol/L)	4.57 ± 0.04^#◇	4.55 ± 0.05^△▲	4.76 ± 0.05	4.71 ± 0.05	4.612	0.004
LDL (mmol/L)	2.57 ± 0.02	2.51 ± 0.02	2.63 ± 0.03^#◇	2.51 ± 0.02	5.152	0.002
HDL (mmol/L)	1.47 ± 0.03	1.41 ± 0.03	1.47 ± 0.03	1.38 ± 0.03^△▲	2.743	0.045
ApOA1 (g/L)	1.50 ± 0.02	1.47 ± 0.03	1.51 ± 0.03	1.46 ± 0.03	0.885	0.45
APOB (g/L)	1.17 ± 0.02^#△▲	1.01 ± 0.03	1.08 ± 0.03	1.07 ± 0.03	5.388	0.001
IL-6 (ng/L)	35.10 ± 0.59^#◇	31.85 ± 0.64	33.45 ± 0.74	31.99 ± 0.56	6.126	0.001
CRP (ng/L)	5.44 ± 0.11^#◇	4.41 ± 0.15	5.13 ± 0.11^△▲	4.65 ± 0.11	14.65	<0.001
MDA (ng/L)	11.53 ± 0.67	12.13 ± 0.82	11.21 ± 0.75	12.58 ± 0.83	0.646	0.586

CIMT = carotid intima media thickness; BMI = body mass index; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR = urine albumin/creatinine ratio; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C = glycosylated haemoglobin; TGs = triglycerides; TC = total cholesterol; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; ApoA1 = apolipoprotein A1; ApoB = apolipoprotein B; IL-6 = interleukin-6; CRP = C-reactive protein; MDA = malondialdehyde. CIMT: (group A versus group B); (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D). eGFR: (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D); (group B versus group C); (group B versus group D). UACR: (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D); (group B versus group C); (group B versus group D). TGs: (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D); (group B versus group C); (group B versus group D). TC: (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D); (group B versus group C); (group B versus group D). LDL: (group C versus group B); (group C versus group D). HDL: (group D versus group A); (group D versus group C). APOB: (group A versus group B); (group A versus group C); (group A versus group D). IL-6: (group A versus group B); (group A versus group D). CRP: (group A versus group B); (group A versus group D); (group C versus group B); (group C versus group D).