TGF-β Polymorphisms Are a Risk Factor for Chagas Disease
Table 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
Noninfected
IND
A + B
C + D
Age, years
55 ± 13
52 ± 11
61 ± 10†
58 ± 13†
Male
16 (32%)
24 (45%)
16 (33%)
26 (52%)
Geographic origin
North
0
0
0
1 (2%)
Northeast
36 (75%)
42 (79%)
27 (55%)†
35 (70%)
Midwest
0
0
1 (2%)
2 (4%)
Southeast
12 (25%)
8 (15%)
21 (43%)†
12 (24%)
South
0
3 (5%)
0
0
Hypertension
26 (55%)
25 (47%)
26 (53%)
21 (42%)
Diabetes
10 (20%)
6 (11%)
4 (8%)
5 (10%)
CAD
4 (8%)
1 (2%)
1 (2%)
1 (2%)
Dyslipidemia
15 (31%)
12 (23%)
15 (31%)
13 (26%)
Smoking habits
2 (4%)
2 (4%)
3 (6%)
1 (2%)
LVEF, %
65 ± 10
71 ± 7
63 ± 13†
35 ± 11†‡
Medication
ACE inhibitor
—
15 (28%)
20 (41%)
29 (58%)
ARB
—
4 (8%)
17 (35%)
21 (42%)
Spironolactone
—
0
6 (12%)
39 (78%)
Carvedilol
—
0
15 (31%)
48 (96%)
Amiodarone
—
0
7 (14%)
18 (36%)
Furosemide
—
0
8 (16%)
46 (92%)
Digoxin
—
0
2 (4%)
21 (42%)
Warfarin
—
0
9 (18%)
20 (40%)
Hydrochlorothiazide
—
13 (25%)
16 (33%)
11 (22%)
Simvastatin
—
16 (30%)
17 (35%)
20 (40%)
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; CAD: coronary artery disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction n (%). versus noninfected, versus patients with the indeterminate form, and versus patients at stage A or B of the cardiac form.
