Urinary Biochemistry in the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury

Table 2

Differential diagnosis of AKI based on the numbers of casts in the urinary sediment.

Kinds of casts	Numbers	Reference values
Granular casts	0	Transient AKI
	1 to 10 by LPF	Persistent AKI
Epithelial cell casts	0	Transient AKI
	1 or more by HPF	Persistent AKI

AKI (acute kidney injury), LPF (low-power field), and HPF (high-power field). Modified from [51–53].