Putative Systemic Biomarkers of Biomass Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Women in a Rural South Indian Population

Table 1

Characteristics of the study cohort. All data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile).

	BMS-COPD^#	BMS-CONTROL	TS-COPD^#$	TS-CONTROL^$	TS-BMS-CONTROL
Number of subjects	29	24	23	22	15
Gender (male/female)	0/29	0/24	23/0	22/0	6/9
Age in years (mean, range)	60.31 (44–78)	61.63 (43–83)	63.65 (48–78)	59.27 (40–75)	60.47 (46–71)
FEV1 (% of predicted) ()	51.48 ± 2.60	104.41 ± 2.87	57.61 ± 3.22	106.41 ± 3.09	95.47 ± 3.68
FEV1/FVC ()	0.61 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.008	0.61 ± 0.01	0.83 ± 0.01	0.78 ± 0.02
Pack years/biomass exposure index (BMEI) [median (25th–75th percentile)]	112 (88–132)	120 (84.75–151)	22.2 (15.85–30); compared to TS-CONTROL	16.15 (12.15–18.15)	—

^#BMS-COPD: mild 1, moderate: 16, severe: 10, very severe: 2; TS-COPD: mild 2, moderate: 15, severe: 5, very severe: 1. Current BMS exposed; ^$current tobacco smokers. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TS-COPD: tobacco smokers with COPD; TS-CONTROL: tobacco smokers without COPD; BMS-COPD: biomass smoke exposed subjects with COPD; BMS-CONTROL: biomass exposed subjects without COPD; TS-BMS-CONTROL: no tobacco- and no biomass smoke exposed subjects; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (postbronchodilator challenge); FVC: forced vital capacity.