Putative Systemic Biomarkers of Biomass Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Women in a Rural South Indian Population

Table 2

Summarized representation of the significantly different serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations [median (25th–75th percentile) pg/ml] between TS-COPD versus TS-CONTROL and BMS-COPD versus BMS-CONTROL groups. TS-CONTROL: tobacco smokers without COPD; BMS CONTROL: biomass smoke exposed without COPD; TS-BMS-CONTROL: no tobacco- and no biomass smoke-exposed subjects; was considered as statistically significant.

	(pg/ml)	(pg/ml)	(pg/ml)	value	value
	TS-COPD	TS-CONTROL	TS-BMS-CONTROL	Kruskal-Wallis	Mann-Whitney U
CCL1	27.38 (24.26–44.77)	50.87 (38.54–54.26)	23.44 (25.95–22.26)	≤0.001	≤0.001
CCL7	22.18 (13.32–38.00)	49.66 (27.315–55.81)	23.99 (28.02–22.79)	≤0.01	≤0.01
CCL15	2979.58 (1016.3–4740.20)	8287.66 (5566.82–10180.96)	3270.56 (4118.67–2526.68)	≤0.01	≤0.001
CCL17	69.05 (39.80–155.46)	168.52 (111.65–205.07)	155.01 (224.51–147.55)	≤0.01	≤0.01
CCL19	124.46 (58.29–196.73)	204.90 (155.81–272.63)	252.12 (281.37–211.52)	≤0.01	≤0.01
CXCL2	268.42 (187.28–397.49)	753.46 (290.37–857.49)	199.75 (281.82–172.32)	≤0.01	≤0.01
CXCL9	356.22 (239.24–518.25)	601.80 (524.54–701.57)	256.71 (277.51–227.55)	≤0.01	≤0.01
IFN-G	1.43 (1.05–35.63)	47.92 (28.52–59.58)	1.31 (1.42–1.21)	≤0.001	≤0.01
MIF	2063.61 (724.04–4329.13)	14115.77 (2950.2–17033.25)	1344.22 (1825.87–564.61)	≤0.001	≤0.01
	BMS-COPD	BMS-CONTROL	TS-BMS-CONTROL	Kruskal-Wallis	Mann-Whitney
CCL15	5977.22 (1459.25–8646.12)	8799.35 (5885.19–11715.51)	3270.56 (4118.67–2526.68)	≤0.001	≤0.01
CCL27	1024.99 (743.09–1285.01)	1409.14 (1179.38–1569.95)	593.96 (516.40–1028.81)	≤0.001	≤0.001
CXCL13	26.03 (17.92–34.85)	37.14 (24.24–44.64)	22.77 (19.62–29.48)	≤0.001	≤0.01