Differential Gene Expression Profile of Renin-Angiotensin System in the Left Atrium in Mitral Regurgitation Patients
Table 2
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study subjects.
MR ()
AVD ()
NC ()
value
Age (years)
57 ± 11
60 ± 12
49 ± 12
0.053
Male (%)
5 (27.8%)
9 (75.0%)
10 (62.5%)
0.024
Smoking (%)
2 (5.6%)
1 (8.3%)
2 (12.5%)
0.772
Body mass index (kg/m2)
23.7 ± 2.6
25.3 ± 3.4
23.6 ± 3.4
0.168
Hypertension (%)
8 (44.4%)
7 (58.3%)
0 (0.0%)
0.002
Diabetes mellitus (%)
3 (16.7%)
1 (8.3%)
0 (0.0%)
0.227
Hyperlipidemia (%)
6 (33.3%)
3 (25.0%)
NA
0.704a
NYHA
0.324a
Functional class I (%)
2 (11.1%)
3 (25.0%)
Functional class II (%)
7 (38.9%)
5 (41.7%)
Functional class III (%)
9 (50.0%)
3 (25.0%)
Functional class IV (%)
0 (0.0%)
1 (8.3%)
Aortic valve disease (%)
0 (0.0%)
12 (100.0%)
Tricuspid regurgitation (%)
7 (38.9%)
1 (8.3%)
0.099a
β-Blockers (%)
3 (16.7%)
2 (16.7%)
1.000a
Calcium channel blockers (%)
5 (27.8%)
5 (41.7%)
0.461a
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (%)
14 (77.8%)
4 (33.3%)
0.024a
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
127.3 ± 21.7
131.5 ± 17.0
124.3 ± 12.3
0.672
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
77.8 ± 11.2
71.6 ± 7.7
75.6 ± 8.7
0.364
Heart rate (beats/min)
78.2 ± 12.6
71.1 ± 10.6
78.9 ± 9.1
0.162
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.9 ± 0.6
0.9 ± 0.2
0.8 ± 0.2
0.089
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
86.2 ± 22.3
79.0 ± 17.3
92.4 ± 17.1
0.093
White blood cell count (103/μL)
6.1 ± 1.7
5.8 ± 1.5
6.0 ± 1.4
0.775
Left atrial diameter (mm)
43.7 ± 5.1
38.8 ± 4.7
NA
0.019a
Left atrial maximal volume (mL)
86.4 ± 38.8
58.8 ± 38.0
NA
0.083a
Left atrial ejection fraction (%)
51.6 ± 14.4
44.7 ± 19.5
NA
0.376a
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm)
56.3 ± 6.4
58.3 ± 11.9
NA
0.384a
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)
67.7 ± 11.0
62.2 ± 12.9
NA
0.396a
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage); AVD: aortic valve disease; MR: mitral regurgitation; NC: control subjects without valve disease and heart failure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; a value: MR vs. AVD.
