Research Article
Plasma Neuregulin 4 Levels Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of nT2DM patients with and without MetS.
| | Covariate | Without MetS () | With MetS () | value |
| | Male/female | 65/68 | 83/95 | 0.696 | | Age (years) | 53.21 ± 10.36 | 54.06 ± 9.86 | 0.464 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 22.71 ± 2.43 | 26.96 ± 3.24 | <0.001 | | BF% (%) | 26.10 ± 4.87 | 31.06 ± 4.61 | <0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 121.84 ± 9.90 | 129.79 ± 16.34 | <0.001 | | DBP (mmHg) | 71.99 ± 8.62 | 76.42 ± 9.48 | <0.001 | | FPG (mmol/l) | 10.11 ± 3.76 | 11.00 ± 3.59 | 0.036 | | 2hPG (mmol/l) | 17.38 ± 8.32 | 18.57 ± 5.64 | 0.017 | | HbA1c (%) | 9.37 ± 2.83 | 9.38 ± 1.98 | 0.957 | | TC (mmol/l) | 4.29 ± 0.93 | 4.77 ± 1.62 | 0.040 | | TG (mmol/l) | 1.30 ± 0.62 | 2.85 ± 2.26 | <0.001 | | HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | <0.001 | | LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.63 ± 0.80 | 2.78 ± 1.02 | 0.147 | | apoA (g/l) | 1.53 ± 0.33 | 1.36 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | | apoB (g/l) | 0.84 ± 0.21 | 0.97 ± 0.29 | <0.001 | | ALT (U/l) | 22.03 ± 13.45 | 25.26 ± 13.87 | 0.006 | | AST (U/l) | 21.72 ± 13.05 | 22.30 ± 10.53 | 0.139 | | GGT (U/l) | 35.81 ± 6.21 | 40.75 ± 2.81 | <0.001 | | ALP (U/l) | 88.94 ± 44.47 | 83.06 ± 38.15 | 0.389 | | WBC (×109/l) | 6.52 ± 1.77 | 7.22 ± 2.56 | 0.004 | | Neutrophil (×109/l) | 4.45 ± 1.59 | 4.91 ± 2.42 | 0.148 | | Lymphocyte (×109/l) | 1.51 ± 0.55 | 1.68 ± 0.58 | 0.010 | | NLR | 3.51 ± 0.25 | 3.58 ± 0.29 | 0.317 | | hs-CRP (mg/l) | 5.98 ± 1.33 | 6.34 ± 0.96 | 0.007 | | FIns (μU/ml) | 8.45 ± 4.68 | 11.04 ± 7.26 | 0.002 | | HOMA-IR | 3.80 ± 2.61 | 5.30 ± 3.92 | <0.001 | | HOMA-IS | 39.98 ± 37.33 | 39.63 ± 41.68 | 0.619 | | TyG index | 4.94 ± 0.30 | 5.29 ± 0.47 | <0.001 | | apoB/apoA | 0.57 ± 0.19 | 0.73 ± 0.23 | <0.001 |
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BMI: body mass index; BF%: body fat percentage; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2 h plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apoA: apolipoprotein A; apoB: apolipoprotein B; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FIns: fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IS: homeostasis model assessment of β-cell insulin secretion; apoB/apoA: apolipoprotein A/apolipoprotein B; TyG: triglyceride glucose.
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