Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana
Table 3
Association of CD4 count with urine dipstick biochemical analysis and TLC.
Characteristics
Total
CD4 count staging
CD4 < 350 cells/μl
value
<350
≥350
aOR (95%C1)
Leukocyturia
Absent
100
8 (9.9%)
92 (77.3%)
Reference
Present (≥+)
100
73 (90.1%)
27 (22.7%)
2.91(1.33 to 12.5)
<0.0001
Proteinuria
Absent
91
1 (1.2%)
90 (75.6%)
Reference
Present (≥+)
109
80 (98.8%)
29 (24.4%)
4.30 (3.0 to 18.5)
<0.0001
Hematuria
Absent
97
10 (12.3%)
87 (73.1%)
Reference
Present (≥+)
103
71 (87.6%)
32 (26.9%)
2.30 (1.08 to 9.64)
<0.0001
TLC (cells/μl)
Reference
≤1200
107
69 (85.1%)
38 (31.9%)
3.26 (3.94 to 15.29)
<0.0001
>1200
93
12 (14.8%)
81 (68.1%)
aOR: adjusted odds ratio for signs of active infections and conditions that may interfere with urine dipstick analysis.
