Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana

Table 4

Individual diagnostic performance of selected urine dipstick biochemistry and TLC as alternative markers for CD4 Count.

Markers	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	AUC ( value)
Leukocyturia					0.901 ()
≥1+	90.1%	77.3%	92.0%	73.1%
≥2++	92.1%	98.9%	100.0%	83.3%
≥3+++	68.3%	97.9%	88.70%	80.5%
Proteinuria					0.973 ()
≥1+	87.6%	73.1%	89.7%	68.9%
≥2++	97.6%	100.0%	100.0%	89.1%
≥3+++	73.0%	100.0%	99.8%	88.7%
Hematuria					0.938 ()
≥1+	98.7%	75.6%	98.9%	73.4%
≥2++	92.7%	98.6%	100.0%	83.7%
≥3+++	89.8%	93.1%	91.0%	85.2%
TLC (cell/μl)					0.940 ()
<800	76.3%	68.1%	82.9%	78.0%
<1000	80.2%	74.8%	97.6%	84.3%
<1200	85.1%	100.0%	100.0%	88.9%
<1400	79.5%	87.2%	94.3%	72.3%