Prognostic Factors and Survival in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Population-Based Study

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate survival analysis in immunocompetent patients with DLBCL.

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<60	Reference		Reference
≥60	2.084 (1.916–2.267)	<0.001	1.834 (1.679–2.004)	<0.001
Race
White	Reference		Reference
Black	0.759 (0.628–0.918)	0.004	0.854 (0.703–1.037)	0.111
Other (American Indian/AK native, Asian/Pacific Islander)	0.890 (0.788–1.006)	0.062	0.912 (0.806–1.031)	0.140
Gender
Female	Reference
Male	0.947 (0.878–1.021)	0.153
Dates of diagnosis
1973–1984	Reference		Reference
1985–1995	1.937 (0.761–1.153)	0.536	1.124 (0.912–1.386)	0.272
1996–2006	0.727 (0.600–0.879)	0.001	1.048 (0.861–1.275)	0.642
2007–2014	0.636 (0.525–0.770)	<0.001	1.031 (0.841–1.265)	0.767
Primary site
Brain	Reference		Reference
Meninges/cranial nerves	0.467 (0.312–0.698)	<0.001	0.470 (0.313–0.706)	<0.001
Spine	0.403 (0.323--0.503)	<0.001	0.428 (0.342–0.535)	<0.001
Other	0.682 (0.594–0.783)	<0.001	0.715 (0.620–0.824)	<0.001
Laterality
Not a paired site	Reference		Reference
Paired site (left/right—origin of primary)	0.885 (0.815–0.961)	0.003	0.905 (0.825–0.994)	0.036
Lymphoma Ann Arbor stage
I–II	Reference
III–IV	0.967 (0.877–1.067)	0.504
Unknown	1.254 (1.073–1.465)	0.004
Radiation
No	Reference
Yes	1.038 (0.962–1.120)	0.338
Unknown	0.815 (0.615–1.081)	0.156
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.402 (0.372–0.434)	<0.001	0.442 (0.407–0.480)	<0.001
Insurance status
Uninsured	Reference
Insured/any Medicaid	0.880 (0.646–1.198)	0.416
Insurance status unknown	1.090 (0.802–1.481)	0.581
Marital status
Never married	Reference		Reference
Married	1.254 (1.118–1.406)	<0.001	1.070 (0.949–1.207)	0.271< 0.001 0.472
Ever married (divorced, separated, and widowed)	1.823 (1.603–2.074)	<0.001	1.354 (1.183–1.549)
Unknown	1.632 (1.283–2.075)	<0.001	1.093 (0.857–1.394)

OS: overall survival; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; DLBCL: diffuse large B cell lymphoma; PCNSL: primary central nervous system lymphoma.