Metabolomics of Hydrazine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats for Discovering Potential Biomarkers
Table 2
Identified potential biomarkers related to perturbations of hydrazine-induced liver injury.
Biological sample
RT (min)
m/z
Elemental composition
Metabolite identification
MS/MS fragmentsc
VIPd (trend)
valuee
Serum
2.19
130.0512
C5H8NO3+
Pyroglutamic acidb
84.0449
1.03 ↑
2.33E − 09
Serum
1.22
132.0770
C4H10N3O2+
Creatinea,b
90.0555, 87.0791, 72.0565
4.25 ↑
9.83E − 11
Serum
1.26
144.1029
C7H14NO2+
Prolinebetaineb
102.0556, 84.0812
1.36 ↓
3.44E − 14
Serum
1.16
162.1129
C7H16NO3+
L-Carnitinea,b
103.0377, 85.0277
1.45 ↑
3.15E − 13
Serum
1.14
198.0861
C8H12N3O3+
N-Acetylhistidineb
153.0890, 138.0548
1.62 ↑
1.86E − 20
Serum
1.80
204.1243
C9H18NO4+
L-Acetylcarnitineb
144.1032, 85.0870
1.25 ↓
1.28E − 06
Serum
5.20
205.0990
C11H13N2O2+
Tryptophana,b
188.0704, 146.0612, 118.0673
2.30 ↑
1.21E − 09
Serum/urine
2.62
182.0803
C9H12NO3+
Tyrosinea,b
165.0548, 136.0760, 123.0449, 119.0490
5.38/2.28 ↑
1.77E − 06/9.94E − 04
Urine
1.51
127.0490
C5H7N2O2+
Thymineb
84.0444
1.11 ↓
5.05E − 11
Urine
1.69
130.0857
C6H12NO2+
Pipecolic acidb
84.0808
2.28 ↓
9.68E − 06
Urine
1.21
138.0534
C7H8NO2+
Trigonellineb
94.0650, 78.0332, 67.0407
1.96 ↓
3.43E − 12
Urine
4.02
144.0660
C6H11NO3+
Vinylacetylglycineb
99.0680, 98.0568, 86.0600
7.35 ↑
1.55E − 05
Urine
1.70
146.0913
C5H12N3O2+
4-Guanidinobutanoic acidb
111.0566, 87.0440, 86.0584, 69.0326
2.42 ↓
1.14E − 06
Urine
11.1
162.0532
C9H8NO2+
Indole-3-carboxylic acidb
144.0414, 116.0463, 89.0382
1.62 ↓
2.00E − 09
Urine
4.09
184.0590
C8H10NO4+
4-Pyridoxic acidb
166.0469, 148.0400
1.41 ↓
4.19E − 14
Urine
6.91
185.1245
C5H16NO4P+
Phosphorylcholineb
126.0902
1.55 ↓
7.13E − 08
Urine
7.97
188.0692
C11H10NO2+
Indoleacrylic acidb
142.0651
1.05 ↑
1.71E − 06
Urine
8.82
190.0482
C10H8NO3+
Kynurenic acida,b
162.0527, 144.0431, 116.0464, 89.0357
1.86 ↓
2.86E − 15
Urine
8.16
206.0430
C10H8NO4+
Xanthurenic acidb
178.0462, 160.0367, 132.0415
2.22 ↓
9.00E − 06
aMetabolites confirmed using standard compounds. bMetabolites confirmed by literature or database searches and MS fragmentation. cMS/MS fragments were obtained with a CE of 30/10 eV, respectively. dVIP is variable importance in the projection obtained from OPLS-DA with a threshold of 1.0. ep value of the independent t-test between the control and model group.
