Neuroendocrine Factors and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Affair to Remember

Figure 1

Chronology of cellular events occurring during tumor progression and regulation by chemokines and neurotransmitters of metastasis formation. Cell migration is initiated in the primary tumor by chemokines (grey arrows) and neurotransmitters (yellow arrows). This further leads to dissemination via hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Finally, tumor cells migrate towards a source of chemokines and neurotransmitters.