The Elevated Serum Level of IFN-γ in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Remains Unchanged after Spinal Cord Stimulation

Table 6

Serum cytokine levels in the FBSS group versus controls.

	Group 0 (FBSS)	Controls	value	Effect size
	a	b	a–b
IFN-γ (pg/ml)			0.03
IL-1β (pg/ml)			0.204	—
IL-6 (pg/ml)			0.279	—
IL-10 (pg/ml)			0.007
TNF-α (pg/ml)			0.028
TGF-β (pg/ml)			0.152	—

Significant difference at the level of . Significant difference at the level of . Mann-Whitney test with highlighted in bold.