Roles of Methylated DNA Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Table 1

DNA methylation biomarkers in detecting colorectal cancer.

Methylated gene	Sample type	Detecting method	No. of patients	Sensitivity	No. of controls	Specificity	value for prognosis	Reference
SEPT9	Blood	qPCR	90	75.6%	NA	NA	NA	[16]
	Serum	qMSP	150	NA	NA	NA		[13]
TWIST1	Tissue	MSP	319	55.7%	215	100%	NA	[17]
	Plasma	MSP	353	70.0%	NA	NA		[18]
RUNX3	Tissue	MSP	30	28%	30	85%	NA	[19]
	Tissue	MSP	62	32.3%	10	100%		[20]
	Serum	MSP	65	41.5%	NA	NA	NA	[21]
	Serum	MSP	344	29%	56	100%		[22]
	Tissue	MSP	119	39%	NA	NA	NA	[22]
TAC1	Tissue	MSP	34	47%	17	88%	NA	[23]
	Serum	qMSP	150	NA	NA	NA		[13]
	Serum	MSP	165	NA	NA	NA		[24]
	Serum	MSP	193	NA	NA	NA		[25]
IGFBP3	Tissue	qMSP	425	44.9%	21	NA	NA	[14]
	Tissue	MSP	147	NA	NA	NA		[26]
	Tissue	MSP	115	NA	NA	NA		[27]
EYA4	Tissue	MSP	46	93.5%	46	67.4%	NA	[15]
	Stool	MSP	13	100%	19	94.7%	NA	[15]
	Serum	qMSP	26	57.7%	26	≥90%	NA	[28]
	Serum	qMSP	150	NA	NA	NA		[13]
SST	Tissue	MSP	34	88%	17	53%	NA	[23]
	Serum	qMSP	150	NA	NA	NA		[13]
	Serum	MSP	165	NA	NA	NA		[24]

Sensitivity refers to the hypermethylation rates in colorectal cancer samples, while specificity refers to the opposite rates in normal samples. value for association of DNA hypermethylation with poorer prognosis, including cancer recurrence and reduced survival. SEPT9: methylated septin 9; TWIST1: twist-related protein 1; RUNX3: runt-related transcription factor 3; TAC1: tachykinin-1; IGFBP3: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; EYA4: eyes absent homolog 4; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; qMSP: quantitative methylation-specific PCR; SST: somatostatin; NA: not available.