, men and women, aged 30 and 60 yrs. BMI range 27-35
Moderate CHO and high glycemic index vs. moderate CHO and LGI vs. a low-fat and HGI diet. 500 kcal/d subtracted of total energy for each participant
PAI-1, CRP, IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and adiponectin
(1) No differences in any of the inflammatory markers between groups. (2) A reduction in CRP values for the LGI group pre vs. postintervention, likely driven by the greater weight loss.
Clinical trial. Weight loss intervention with control group/24 mo.
intervention group (T2D) and control group (healthy)
LFD aiming 30% from fat vs. a LCD aiming 20% CHO
IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, TNFRs, and CRP at baseline and 6 mo.
(1) Both diets led to similar reductions in body weight; however, only the LCD improved insulin sensitivity. (2) After 6 mo., IL-1Ra and IL-6 were lower in the LCD.
Cohort. Subset sample of the Women’s Health Initiative study
, middle-aged women of Mexican descent
Adherence to a “created traditional Mexican diet”
hsCRP
(1) At follow-up, (15 y) hsCRP was 22% lower in women who had high compared to low or moderate MexD scores. (2) Women with high MexD scores were more likely to be normal weight at baseline.
Cross-sectional. Data from the Malmo Diet and Cancer study
, aged 63-68 yrs.
Diet quality index, adherence to the Swedish Nutrition Recommendation
IL1-beta, IL-8, TNF-α, and hsCRP. Mononuclear leukocytes. Inflammatory protein S100A8/9
Those who reported a higher quality diet had lower levels of TNF-α, hsCRP, nonclassical monocytes, and inflammatory protein S100A8/9, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, PA, total energy, WC, and season of the diet reported.
Hypocaloric diet based on the Mediterranean diet, 30% energy restriction, increased meal frequency, and 7 d menu plan provided. Healthy Eating Index was calculated.
MDA, CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, and TNF-α expression of inflammation-related genes: IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and sICAM, SERPINE 1, VCAM-1 GAPDH, and miRNAs in WBC
(1) No changes in plasma CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, but there was a reduction in MDA and PAI-1 after 8 weeks. (2) Lower consumption of lipids and saturated fat was associated with increased let-7b after nutritional intervention.
Eucaloric moderate fat diet (36% fat/46% CHO vs. eucaloric low-fat/high CHO (18% fat/64% CHO vs. low calories 33% reduction of the LFD)
IL-6, TNFRs, CRP, leptin, and adiponectin at baseline and 6 weeks
(1) No changes in plasma inflammatory markers after 6 weeks of MFD, LFD, and low-calorie LFD. A modest weight reduction was observed in the restricted calorie diet and adiponectin reduction was reported for the eucaloric LFD vs. MFD.
Multicenter, parallel design, randomized, 6-month intervention and 12-month follow-up. AUSMED Study
for MedDiet and for low-fat diet. Patients with CAD
MedDiet vs. low-fat diet. fat (at least 50% was from MUFA and 25% from PUFA, <10% saturated fatty acids), 35% CHO Low-fat total fat, <7% saturated fat, 45–65% CHO
hsCRP and IL-6
(1) There were no changes in plasma hsCRP or IL-6 after 6 months for either diet. (2) Following the MedDiet, but not the low-fat diet, leads to significant reduction in the DII score.
Adherence to DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet based on published scoring method
hsCRP and IL-17A
Adherence to the DASH diet was significantly associated with reduced serum hsCRP only. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might be associated with lower circulating IL-17A concentrations, but not hsCRP levels in this group of females.
, adults, aged over 35 yrs., 48% male without acute inflammation
DII calculated using data on only 34 nutrients and other food components derived from the FFQ.
INFLA-score includes platelet and leukocyte counts, the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio, and CRP.
There was a positive association between DII and INFLA-score, among those aged 50 to 65 yrs., but not for those older than 65 yrs. No association between DII and CRP alone.
Abbreviations. AUSMED: Australian Mediterranean diet heart trial; DII: dietary inflammatory index; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; HGI: high glycemic index; LCD: low carbohydrate diet; LFD: low-fat diet; LGI: low glycemic index; MedDiet: Mediterranean diet; MexD: Mexican diet; MFD: moderate-fat diet; RESMENA-S: the metabolic syndrome reduction in Navarra study; WC: waist circumference.
