Serum Zonulin in HBV-Associated Chronic Hepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the participants.
Variables
Healthy control
CHB
LC
HCC
Number
90
90
90
90
Age (years)
54.3 (3.7)
54.6 (3.5)
54.4 (8.2)
54.8 (10.0)
Gender (male, %)
53 (58.9)
51 (56.7)
65 (60.8)
45 (50.0)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.9 (2.7)
23.6 (3.2)
23.8 (3.2)
23.9 (2.9)
Current smoker (%)
28 (31.1)
30 (33.3)
20 (22.2)
30 (33.3)
Alcohol drinking (%)
32 (35.6)
33 (36.7)
30 (33.3)
24 (26.7)
WBC (×109/l)
5.8 (1.3)
5.9 (1.4)
6.3 (3.7)
5.5 (2.4)
Platelet count (×109/l)
223.0 (57.1)
224.1 (61.7)
112.9 (64.6)
140.4 (74.6)
Haemoglobin (g/l)
147.9 (14.7)
150.2 (12.7)
108.1 (35.2)
135.5 (17.0)
Albumin (g/l)
47.0 (2.1)
47.1 (2.5)
33.3 (7.7)
37.4 (6.9)
AST (U/l)
23.0 (18.0-31.0)
21.0 (15.8-31.0)
46.0 (26.0-73.0)
21.8 (21.8-69.5)
ALT (U/l)
20.5 (15.0-33.3)
23.0 (14.8-34.0)
33.0 (22.0-66.5)
32.0 (19.0-65.6)
GGT (U/l)
22.5 (13.0-41.3)
28.0 (16.5-49.3)
47.0 (27.0-127.0)
70.4 (40.7-141.0)
TB (μmol/l)
9.0 (7.7-17.2)
15.6 (8.3-20.4)
30.5 (15.3-51.3)
14.9 (10.4-28.0)
Creatinine (μmol/l)
72.5 (14.1)
71.1 (13.4)
86.8 (47.7)
70.9 (13.7)
AFP (ng/ml)
—
0.94 (0.83-2.89)
3.49 (1.90-13.28)
38.71 (5.32-887.00)
Child-Pugh class
A
—
—
35 (38.9)
61 (67.8)
B
—
—
38 (42.2)
25 (27.8)
C
—
—
16 (17.8)
4 (4.4)
Tumor size (cm)
≥5 cm
—
—
—
46 (51.1)
<5 cm
—
—
—
44 (48.9)
Tumor number
Single
—
—
—
74 (82.2)
Multiple
—
—
—
16 (17.8)
Tumor differentiation
Well/moderately
—
—
—
64 (71.1)
Poorly
—
—
—
26 (28.9)
Tumor stage
I-II
—
—
—
41 (45.6)
III-IV
—
—
—
49 (54.4)
Data are presented as means (SD) or median (interquartile range) or percentage. BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cells; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; TB: total bilirubin; AFP: α-fetoprotein; CHB: chronic hepatitis B; LC: HBV-associated liver cirrhosis; HCC: HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
