High Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Tubular Damage and Kidney Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and biochemical parameters of the study participants () stratified according to serum uric acid concentrations.
Serum uric mg/dL
Serum uric mg/dL
value
Age (y)
60 (50–68)
59 (46–68)
0.644
Male (%)
23.3
54.3
0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
30.2 (26.8–36.0)
34.70 (28.6–40.7)
0.038
Hypertension (%)
69.7
88.6
0.029
Smokers (%)
5.9
16.1
0.082
Diabetes duration (years)
12.0 (8.0–18.0)
10.0 (5.0–21.2)
0.705
Hypoglycemic agents (%)
95.6
91.4
0.359
ACE inhibitors (%)
31.1
61.8
0.002
Other antihypertensive agents (%)
67.0
88.5
0.015
Statin use (%)
74.7
62.9
0.195
Alopurinol use (%)
5.7
6.2
1.000
Insulin use (%)
35.2
20.0
0.132
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)
<0.001
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
6.5 (5.5–8.8)
6.6 (5.8–8.4)
0.870
HbA1c (%)
6.9 (6.0–8.5)
6.4 (5.9–8.6)
0.878
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
52 (42–69)
46 (41–70)
0.878
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.6 (4.2–4.9)
4.1 (3.5–5.2)
0.036
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.202
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.2 (1.0–1.5)
1.0 (0.9–1.3)
0.011
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
0.064
Urinary ACR (mg/g creat)
7.6 (5.2–14.3)
8.0 (5.8–35.3)
0.416
Data are expressed as percentages, deviation, or median and interquartile range. ACE inhibitors: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ACR: albumin/creatinine ratio; BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
