The Prognostic Role of Klotho in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

First author	Year	Country	Study design	Number	Follow-up period	Average age	Average eGFR(ml/min)	Low versus high sKlotho level	Outcomes	HR and 95% CI
Liu (Ref [25])	2018	China	Cross-sectional Prospective	112	months			Median sKlotho level	Scr doubling; RRT; Death	Direct
Bob (Ref [21])	2018	Romania	Cross-sectional Retrospective	63	12 months			Overall sKlotho	Δdecline of eGFR	—
Fountoulakis (Ref [23])	2018	UK	Cross-sectional Prospective	101	9 (2-13) years	60 (40-82)		Median sKlotho level	50% decline of eGFR; Death	Indirect (estimated HR)
Qian (Ref [16])	2018	China	Cross-sectional Prospective	112	1.5 years		—	ΔsKlotho level	RRT; Cardio-cerebrovascular events	—
Drew (Ref [22])	2017	America	Prospective	2496	3 or 10 years			sKlotho quartile level	eGFR or >3 ml/min per year	Indirect (estimated OR)
Kim (Ref [24])	2017	Korea	Prospective	147	32 (12-52) months			sKlotho tertile level	Annual eGFR decline; Albuminuria	Direct
Kim (Ref [13])	2013	Korea	Cross-sectional Prospective	243	29.7 (6.0-62.1) months			Median sKlotho level	Scr doubling; RRT; Death	Direct
Seiler (Ref [18])	2013	Germany	Cross-sectional Prospective	312	years			sKlotho tertile level	RRT; Death	Direct

Abbreviation: RRT: renal replacement therapy; Scr: serum creatinine; HRs: hazard ratios; CI: confidence interval; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Ref: reference.