| | Subgroup | Studies | Statistical method | Heterogeneity | Effect estimate | value |
| | Age | 6 | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53) | <0.01 | | | 2 (Ref [18, 22]) | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | ; | 1.20 (1.03, 1.41) | 0.02 | | | 4 (Ref [13, 23–25]) | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | ; | 1.79 (1.37, 2.33) | <0.01 | | eGFR | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | | 1.81 (1.28, 2.55) | <0.01 | | ml/min | 2 (Ref [22, 24]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 1.92 (0.61, 6.05) | 0.04 | | ml/min | 4 (Ref [13, 18, 23, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 1.79 (1.37, 2.34) | <0.01 | | Follow-up interval | | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | | years | 4 (Ref [13, 22–24]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 1.56 (1.12, 2.17) | <0.01 | | years | 2 (Ref [18, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 2.92 (1.03, 8.28) | 0.04 | | Research region | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | | Asia | 3 (Ref [13, 24, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 2.55 (1.55, 4.20) | <0.01 | | Other countries | 3 (Ref [18, 22, 23]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 1.27 (1.10, 1.47) | <0.01 | | Study quality | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | | High-quality study | 4 (Ref [13, 18, 22, 23]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 1.37 (1.11, 1.69) | <0.01 | | Low-quality study | 2 (Ref [24, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | ; | 3.63 (1.63, 8.08) | <0.01 |
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