The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Variables
Total
TyG index
value
Low (≤8.805, )
High (>8.805, )
Age (years)
62.5 (53.0–68.0)
60.0 (53.0–67.0)
64.0 (54.0–71.0)
0.001
Male, (%)
295 (67.4)
156 (71.2)
139 (63.5)
0.083
, (%)
231 (52.7)
105 (47.9)
126 (57.5)
0.044
BMI (kg/m2)
0.005
Smoking, (%)
194 (44.3)
101 (46.1)
93 (42.5)
0.442
Hypertension, (%)
137 (31.3)
66 (30.1)
71 (32.4)
0.606
Diabetes, (%)
143 (32.6)
29 (13.2)
114 (52.1)
<0.001
Glucose metabolism disorder, (%)
190 (43.4)
51 (23.3)
139 (63.5)
<0.001
Stroke history, (%)
47 (10.7)
21 (9.6)
26 (11.9)
0.440
Metabolic syndrome, (%)
139 (31.7)
33 (15.1)
106 (48.4)
<0.001
, (%)
129 (29.5)
52 (23.7)
77 (35.2)
0.009
Multivessel disease, (%)
260 (59.4)
82 (37.4)
178 (81.3)
<0.001
SYNTAX score
9.5 (5.0–18.0)
6.0 (3.0–9.5)
15.0 (9.5–22.0)
<0.001
GRACE score for 6 months
100.0 (81.0–122.0)
92.0 (76.0–112.0)
107.0 (88.0–130.0)
<0.001
Laboratory parameters
TyG index
8.805 (8.491–9.191)
8.492 (8.147–8.661)
9.189 (8.957–9.549)
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
6.1 (5.7–6.6)
5.8 (5.5–6.2)
6.4 (5.9–7.2)
<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)
5.29 (4.67–6.19)
4.82 (4.38–5.32)
5.89 (5.16–7.28)
<0.001
TG (mmol/L)
1.60 (1.16–2.01)
1.16 (0.91–1.50)
1.98 (1.72–2.78)
<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.66 (2.12–3.18)
2.49 (1.99–2.99)
2.84 (2.34–3.40)
<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
0.99 (0.84–1.16)
1.01 (0.85–1.22)
0.98 (0.84–1.12)
0.045
TG/HDL-C ratio
1.580 (1.120–2.193)
1.170 (0.824–1.506)
2.103 (1.664–2.878)
<0.001
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio
2.683 (2.095–3.251)
2.444 (1.875–3.011)
2.949 (2.438–3.520)
<0.001
Uric acid (μmol/L)
0.003
Creatinine (μmol/L)
72.35 (62.30–81.73)
70.9 (61.1–80.5)
73.4 (63.3–82.7)
0.123
eGFR-MDRD ()
95.9 (80.1–108.0)
97.1 (84.3–111.6)
92.1 (77.5–104.7)
0.003
CRP (μg/mL)
5.50 (5.00–9.83)
5.0 (5.0–5.2)
8.4 (5.7–16.7)
<0.001
BNP (pg/mL)
61.0 (17.4–175.3)
49.0 (10.6–145.0)
75.3 (24.5–233.0)
0.002
Medication
Basal insulin, (%)
21 (4.8)
3 (1.4)
18 (8.2)
0.001
Sulfonylurea, (%)
32 (7.3)
7 (3.2)
25 (11.4)
0.001
Metformin, (%)
91 (20.8)
16 (7.3)
75 (34.2)
<0.001
α-Glucosidase inhibitor, (%)
27 (6.2)
7 (3.2)
20 (9.1)
0.010
ACEI/ARB, (%)
363 (82.9)
180 (82.2)
183 (83.6)
0.704
Beta-blocker, (%)
322 (73.5)
159 (72.6)
163 (74.4)
0.665
PCI/CABG, (%)
334 (76.3)
169 (77.2)
165 (75.3)
0.653
Outcomes
In-hospital cardiovascular mortality, (%)
3 (0.7)
1 (0.5)
2 (0.9)
1
MACEs, (%)
78 (17.8)
28 (12.8)
50 (22.8)
0.006
Cardiac death, (%)
18 (4.1)
5 (2.3)
13 (5.9)
0.054
Nonfatal myocardial infarction, (%)
20 (4.6)
8 (3.7)
12 (5.5)
0.360
TVR, (%)
24 (5.5)
8 (3.7)
16 (7.3)
0.093
Congestive heart failure, (%)
10 (2.3)
5 (2.3)
5 (2.3)
1
Nonfatal stroke, (%)
6 (1.4)
2 (0.9)
4 (1.8)
0.681
Data are expressed as the , median (IQR), or (%). Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; TyG index: triglyceride-glucose index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR-MDRD: estimated glomerular filtration rate based on the MDRD equation; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CRP: C-reactive protein; BNP: B type natriuretic peptide; MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; TVR: target vessel revascularization.
