Molecular Biomarkers Related to Oral Carcinoma: Clinical Trial Outcome Evaluation in a Literature Review

Table 2

Biomarker measurement.

#	Year	Author	Subjects ()	Sample origin	Gene marker	Sample preparation	Method
1	2010	Taoudi Benchekroun et al.	162	HB	EGFR (U)	Human OC biopsy formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded	FISH
2	2012	Jung et al.	17	TB	134 different miRNAs (see image 1)	Cell culture and transfection of oral cancer cells and normal cell biopsy	mirVana™, microarray gene expression, qRT-PCR
3	2013	Minakawa et al.	106	TB	KIFGA (U)	Immortalized human OSCC-derived cell lines obtained from the tissue bank. Human biopsy fixed in 20% buffered formaldehyde solution	qRT-PCR
4	2015	Luo et al.	121	HB	OPN (osteopontin)	Human OC biopsy formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded	Western blot
5	2014	Su et al.	7	HB	DEPDC1B (U)	Human biopsy	Immunoprecipitation, Northern blot, Western blot
6	2011	Cao et al.	76	TB	EZM2(D)	Human biopsy sample paraffin included and sectioned. Colored with H&E	Western blot
7	2009	Saintigny et al.	162	HB	deltaNp63 (U), EIC (U), podoplanin (U)	Human OC biopsy formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded	Cell membrane immunoreactivity, microscope
8	2011	Saintigny	162	HB	Has-miR-101 (D), deltaNp63 (U), P63 (U), DNMT3B (U)	Whole biopsy including both the epithelial cells and the underlying stroma	Microarray gene expression

Type of sample: HU: human biopsy; TB: tissue bank sample. Type of altered gene regulation: D: downregulation, diminution; U: upregulation, augmentation.