Review Article
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Correlate with Severity of Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 1
Main characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis.
| | Author | Year | Country | Study design | VEGF assay method | VEGF levels (pg/mL) | Age of patients (years) | BMI of patients (kg/m2) | Patient number (males) | Categories of DR | Diabetes type | Sample source | Quality score | | Case | Control | NPDR (number) | PDR (number) |
| | Ju et al. [19] | 2017 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 62.05 | 23.2 | 160 (78) | 80 | 80 | Type 2 | Serum | 7 | | Lu et al. [20] | 2015 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 53.56 | 24.4 | 55 (25) | 20 | 35 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Choudhuri et al. [21] | 2015 | India | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 52.84 | 25.72 | 175 (96) | 70 | 105 | Type 2 | Serum | 8 | | Zehetner et al. [22] | 2013 | Austria | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 63.9 | na | 13 (9) | 7 | 6 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Chaturvedi et al. [23] | 2001 | UK | Cohort | ELISA | | | na | na | 175 (na) | 167 | 8 | Type 1 | Plasma | 7 | | Suguro et al. [24] | 2008 | Japan | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 60.7 | 24.3 | 28 (15) | 16 | 12 | Type 2 | Plasma | 9 | | Zou et al. [25] | 2017 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 48.33 | 21.75 | 75 (41) | na | na | Type 2 | Plasma | 7 | | Zhou et al. [26] | 2017 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 59.67 | 25.65 | 150 (71) | 78 | 72 | Type 2 | Serum | 8 | | Paine et al. [27] | 2017 | India | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 57.6 | na | 81 (60) | na | na | Type 2 | Plasma | 8 | | Nalini et al. [28] | 2017 | India | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | na | na | 100 (na) | 50 | 50 | Type 2 | Serum | 5 | | Kaviarasan et al. [29] | 2015 | India | Case-control | ELISA | | | 55.0 | 24.6 | 60 (na) | 30 | 30 | Type 2 | Serum | 9 | | Du et al. [30] | 2015 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 56.36 | 25.38 | 35 (21) | 20 | 15 | Type 2 | Serum | 7 | | Hang et al. [31] | 2014 | China | Cross-sectional | Others | | | 60.7 | 23.6 | 40 (14) | 19 | 21 | Type 2 | Plasma | 7 | | Ran et al. [32] | 2014 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 62.42 | na | 50 (na) | 25 | 25 | Type 2 | Plasma | 7 | | Fan et al. [33] | 2014 | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 63.39 | 24.48 | 372 (146) | na | na | Type 2 | Serum | 7 | | Jain et al. [34] | 2013 | India | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 55.23 | na | 39 (26) | 19 | 20 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Fulgencio et al. [35] | 2013 | Brazil | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | na | na | 15 (na) | na | na | Type 2 | Plasma | 4 | | Takamiya et al. [36] | 2011 | Japan | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 53.0 | 24.7 | 54 (37) | 40 | 14 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Koleva et al. [37] | 2011 | Bulgaria | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | na | na | 28 (na) | 17 | 11 | Type 2 | Plasma | 6 | | Marek et al. [38] | 2011 | Poland | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | 54.93 | 26.0 | 10 (4) | 0 | 10 | Type 1 | Serum | 7 | | Mahdy and Nada [39] | 2010 | Egypt | Cohort | ELISA | | | 60.52 | na | 20 (11) | 10 | 10 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Zakareia et al. [40] | 2010 | Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | na | na | 30 (na) | 0 | 30 | Type 2 | Plasma | 6 | | Ozturk et al. [41] | 2009 | Turkey | Case-control | Others | | | 62.09 | na | 95 (39) | 49 | 46 | Type 2 | Serum | 7 | | Skopiński et al. [42] | 2007 | Poland | Cross-sectional | ELISA | | | na | na | 37 (na) | 37 | 0 | Type 2 | Serum | 3 | | Lee et al. [43] | 2006 | Korea | Case-control | ELISA | | | 65.4 | na | 30 (16) | 15 | 15 | Type 2 | Serum | 6 | | Shimada et al. [44] | 2002 | Japan | Case-control | ELISA | | | na | na | 30 (na) | na | na | Type 2 | Plasma | 3 | | Endo et al. [45] | 2001 | Japan | Case-control | ELISA | | | 67.3 | na | 36 (na) | 14 | 22 | Type 2 | Serum | 5 | | Shinoda et al. [46] | 1999 | Japan | Case-control | ELISA | | | 59.5 | na | 43 (na) | 6 | 37 | na | Serum | 6 | | Burgos et al. [47] | 1997 | Spain | Case-control | ELISA | | | 45.0 | na | 20 (na) | 0 | 20 | Type 1 & 2 | Serum | 4 |
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VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factors; BMI: body mass index; DR: diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; na: not available.
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